位運算
C語言中的位運算包括與(&),或(|),亦或(^),非(~).
下面的代碼包擴了這些基本運算,還有一個兩個數的交換(不用第三個數)。
[cpp]
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
//print a int in binary
void bit_print(int a)
{
int i;
int n=16;
int mask = 1 << (n-1);
for(i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
{
putchar(((a & mask) == 0) ? '0' : '1');
a <<= 1;
if(i %8 == 0 && i < n)
putchar(' ');
}
printf("\n");
}
void inplace_swap(int *x,int *y)
{
*y=*x^*y;
*x=*x^*y;
*y=*x^*y;
}
int main()
{
int a=19,b=38;
printf("a: ");
bit_print(a);
printf("b: ");
bit_print(b);
printf("~a: ");
bit_print(~a);
printf("a&b:");
bit_print(a&b);
printf("a|b:");
bit_print(a&b);
printf("a^b:");
bit_print(a^b);
printf("a=%d,b=%d\n",a,b);
inplace_swap(&a,&b);
printf("After swap:\n");
printf("a=%d,b=%d\n",a,b);
return 1;
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
//print a int in binary
void bit_print(int a)
{
int i;
int n=16;
int mask = 1 << (n-1);
for(i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
{
putchar(((a & mask) == 0) ? '0' : '1');
a <<= 1;
if(i %8 == 0 && i < n)
putchar(' ');
}
printf("\n");
}
void inplace_swap(int *x,int *y)
{
*y=*x^*y;
*x=*x^*y;
*y=*x^*y;
}
int main()
{
int a=19,b=38;
printf("a: ");
bit_print(a);
printf("b: ");
bit_print(b);
printf("~a: ");
bit_print(~a);
printf("a&b:");
bit_print(a&b);
printf("a|b:");
bit_print(a&b);
printf("a^b:");
bit_print(a^b);
printf("a=%d,b=%d\n",a,b);
inplace_swap(&a,&b);
printf("After swap:\n");
printf("a=%d,b=%d\n",a,b);
return 1;
}
邏輯運算
邏輯運算包括||,&&,!,對應邏輯運算的或,與,非。邏輯運算的結果只有兩種,TRUE或者FALSE。0對應FALSE,非0都是TRUE。
邏輯運算包括一個短路求值的特征:如果對第一個參數求值就能確定表達式的結果,那麼邏輯表達式就不會對第二個參數求值。
一個簡單的例子:
[cpp]
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a=32,b=43;
printf("a:%d,b:%d\n",a,b);
printf("!a:%d,a||b:%d,a&&b:%d\n",!a,a||b,a&&b);
printf("a++||b--:%d\n",a++||b--);
printf("a:%d,b:%d\n",a,b);
// printf("Hello\n");
return 1;
}
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a=32,b=43;
printf("a:%d,b:%d\n",a,b);
printf("!a:%d,a||b:%d,a&&b:%d\n",!a,a||b,a&&b);
printf("a++||b--:%d\n",a++||b--);
printf("a:%d,b:%d\n",a,b);
// printf("Hello\n");
return 1;
}