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 程式師世界 >> 編程語言 >> C語言 >> C++ >> C++入門知識 >> C/C++英/中,繁/簡編程術語對照

C/C++英/中,繁/簡編程術語對照

編輯:C++入門知識

  以下是侯捷個人收集到的 C/C++ 編程方面的術語對照。請大陸朋友給我一些意見,尤其是標示 '?' 之欄位。謝謝。
  兩岸朋友,假如您想到哪些術語尚未列入本表,請提示我,謝謝。
  新書寫作時,我會以此表為三考。
  
  ●英中繁簡編程術語對照
  
  英文                    台灣慣用術語                            大陸慣用術語
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  abstract                抽象的                                  抽象的
  abstraction             抽象體、抽象物、抽象性                  抽象體、抽象物、抽象性
  Access                  存取、取用                              存取、訪問
  access function         存取函式                                存取函數
  address-of operator     取址運算子 &                            取地址運算符
  algorithm               演算法                                  算法
  argument                引數(傳給函式的值). 三見 parameter    三數
  array                   陣列                                    數組
  arrow operator          arrow(箭頭)運算子 ->                  箭頭運算符
  assembly language       組合語言                                匯編語言
  assign                  指派、指定、設值                        賦值
  assignment              指派、指定                              賦值、分配
  assignment operator     assignment(指派)運算子 =              賦值運算符
  associated              相應的、相關的                          相關的、關聯、相應的
  associative container   關聯式容器(對應 sequential container) 關聯式容器
  base class              基礎類別                                基類
  best viable function    最佳可行函式                            最佳可行函式
                          (從 viable functions 中挑出的最佳吻合者)
  binary tree             二元樹                                  二叉樹                    ?
  binary operator         二元運算子                              二元運算符
  binding                 系結                                    綁定
  bit                     位元                                    位
  bitwise                 以 bit 為單元┅、位元逐一┅             ?
  bitwise copy            以 bit 為單元進行復制、位元逐一復制     位拷貝
  block                   區塊                                    塊、分組
  boolean                 布林值(真假值,true 或 false)         布爾值
  byte                    位元組(8 bits 組成)                   字節
  call                    呼叫、叫用                              調用
  call operator           call(函式呼叫)運算子 ()               調用運算符
                          (同 function call operator)
  chain                   串鏈(例 chain of function calls)      鏈
  child class             子類別(或稱為derived class, suBType)  子類
  class                   類別                                    類
  class body              類別本體                                類體 ?
  class declaration       類別宣告、類別宣告式                    類聲明
  class definition        類別定義、類別定義式                    類定義
  class derivation list   類別衍化列                              類繼續列表
  class head              類別表頭                                類頭 ?
  class hierarchy         類別繼續體系                            ?
  class library           類別程式庫、類別庫                      類庫
  class template          類別范本、類別模板、類別樣板            類模板
  class template partial specializations
                         類別范本局部特制體、                     類模板部分特化
                         類別范本局部非凡化
  class template specializations
                          類別范本特制體、類別范本非凡化          類模板特化
  cleanup                 清理、善後                              清理、清除
  candidate function      候選函式                                候選函數
                          (在函式多載決議程序中出現的候選函式)
  command line            命令行                                  命令行
                          (系統文字模式提示號之後所下的整行命令)
  compiler                編譯器                                  編譯器
  component               組件                                    組件
  concrete                具象的                                  實在的
  container               容器                                    容器
                          (存放資料的某種結構如 list, vector...)
  context                 背景關系、周遭環境、上下脈絡            環境、上下文
  const                   常數(constant 的縮寫,C++ 要害字)
  constant                常數(相對於 variable)                 常數
  constrUCtor(ctor)     建構式                                  構造函數、構造器
                          (與class 同名的一種 member functions)
  data                    資料                                    數據
  data member             資料成員、成員變數                      數據成員、成員變量
  data structure          資料結構                                數據結構
  declaration             宣告、宣告式                            聲明
  deduction               推導(例:template argument deduction) 推導、推斷
  default                 預設                                    缺省、默許
  definition              定義、定義區、定義式                    定義
  dereference             提領(取出指標所指物體的內容)          ?
  dereference operator    dereference(提領)運算子 *             ?
  derived class           衍生類別                                派生類
  destructor(dtor)      解構式                                  析構函數、析構器
  device                  裝置                                    設備
  directive               指令(例:using directive)             (編譯)指示符
  dot operator            dot(句點)運算子 .                     點運算符
  driver                  驅動程式                                驅動
  dynamic binding         動態系結                                動態綁定
  entity                  物體                                    實體、物體
  encapsulation           封裝                                    封裝
  enclosing class         外圍類別(與巢狀類別 nested class 有關)?
  enum (enumeration)      列舉(一種 C++ 資料型別)               枚舉
  enumerators             列舉元(enum 型別中的成員)             枚舉成員、枚舉器
  equality operator       equality(等號)運算子  ==              等號運算符
  evaluate                評估、求值、核定                        評估
  exception               異常情況                                異常
  exception declaration   異常宣告(ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 11.3)   異常聲明
  exception handling      異常處理、異常處理機制                  異常處理、異常處理機制
  exception specification 異常規格(ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 11.4)   異常規范
  exit                    退離(指離開函式時的那一個執行點)      退出
  eXPlicit                明白的、明顯的、顯式                    顯式
  export                  匯出                                    引出、導出
  expression              運算式、算式                            表達式
  facility                設施、設備                              設施、設備
  flush                   清理、掃清                              刷新
  formal parameter        形式三數                                形式三數
  forward declaration     前置宣告                                前置聲明
  framework               框架                                    框架
  function                函式、函數                              函數
  function call operator  (同 call operator)
  function object         函式物件(ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 12.3)   函數對象
  function overloaded resolution
                          函式多載決議程序                        函數重載解決(方案)
  function template       函式范本、函式模板、函式樣板            函數模板
  generic                 泛型、一般化的                          一般化的、通用的、泛化
  generic algorithm       泛型演算法                              通用算法
  global                  全域性的(對應於 local)                全局的
  global scope resolution operator
                          全域生存空間(范圍決議)運算子 ::       全局范圍解析運算符
  handler                 處理常式                                處理函數
  hardware                硬體                                    硬件
  header file             表頭檔、標頭檔                          頭文件 ?
  hierarchy               階層體系                                層次結構(體系)
  identifier              識別符號                                標識符
  immediate base          直接的(緊臨的)上層 base class。       直接上層基類
  immediate derived       直接的(緊臨的)下層 derived class。    直接下層派生類
  implement               實作                                    實現
  implementation          實作品、實作物、實作體、實作碼          實現
  implicit                隱喻的、暗自的、隱式                    隱式
  import                  匯入                                    ?
  increment operator      累加運算子 ++                           增加運算符
  inheritance             繼續、繼續機制                          繼續、繼續機制
  inline                  行內                                    內聯
  inline expansion        行內展開                                內聯展開
  initialization          初始化(動作)                          初始化
  initialization list     初值列                                  初始值列表
  initialize              初始化                                  初始化
  instance                實體                                    實例
                          (常指根據 class 而產生出來的 object)
  instantiated            具現化(應用於 template)               實例化
  instantiation           具現體、具現化實體(常應用於 template) 實例
  invoke                  喚起                                    調用
  iterate                 迭代(回圈一個輪回一個輪回地進行)      迭代
  iterator                迭代器(一種泛型指標)                  迭代器
  iteration               迭代(回圈每次輪回稱為一個 iteration)  迭代
  library                 程式庫、函式庫                          庫、函數庫
  lifetime                生命期、生命周期、壽命                  生命期、壽命
  linker                  聯結器、連結器                          連接器
  literal constant        字面常數(例 3.14 或 "hi" 這等常數值)  字面常數
  list                    串列(linked-list)                     列表、表
  local                   區域性的(對應於 global)               局部的
  lvalue                  左值                                    左值
  macro                   巨集                                    宏
  manipulator             操縱器(iostream 預先定義的一種東西)   操縱器
  mechanism               機制                                    機制
  member                  成員                                    成員
  member access operator  成員取用運算子(有 dot 和 arrow 兩種)  成員存取運算符
  member function         成員函式                                成員函數
  member initialization list
                          成員初值列                              成員初始值列表
  memberwise              以 member 為單元┅、members 逐一┅      以成員為單位
  memberwise copy         以 members 為單元逐一復制
  memory                  記憶體                                  內存
  micro                   微                                      微
  most derived class      最末層的 derived class                  最底層的派生類
  mutable                 可變的                                  可變的
  namespace               命名空間                                名字空間、命名空間
  nested class            巢狀類別                                嵌套類
  object                  物件                                    對象
  object oriented         物件導向                                面向對象
  operand                 運算元                                  操作數
  operation               操作行為                                操作
  operator                運算子                                  操作符、運算符
  option                  選項                                    選項
  overflow                上限溢位(相對於 underflow)            溢出(underflow:下溢)
  overhead                額外負擔                                負擔
  overload                多載化、多載化、重載                    重載
  overloaded function     多載化函式                              重載的函數
  overloaded operator     多載化運算子                            被重載的運算符
  overloaded set          多載集合                                重載集合
  override                改寫、覆寫                              重載、改寫、重新定義
                          (在 derived class 中重新定義虛擬函式
  parameter               三數(函式三數列上的變數)              三數
  parameter list          三數列                                  三數列表
  parent class            父類別(或稱 base class)               父類
  parse                   解析                                    解析
  partial specialization  局部特化、局部特化定義、局部特化宣告    局部特化
                          (ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 16.10)
  pass by address         傳址(函式引數的傳遞方式)              傳地址
  pass by reference       傳址(函式引數的傳遞方式)              傳地址
  pass by value           傳值(函式引數的傳遞方式)              傳值
  pattern                 樣式                                    模式
  placement delete        ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 15.8.2
  placement new           ref. C++ Primer 3/e, 15.8.2
  platform                平台                                    平台
  pointer                 指標                                    指針
  polymorphism            多型                                    多態
  preprocessor            前處理器                                預處理器
  programmer              程式員                                  程序員
  programming             編程、程式設計、程式化                  編程、程式設計
  project                 專案                                    工程
  pseudo code             假碼、虛擬碼                            偽碼
  qualified               經過資格修飾(例如加上 scope 運算子)   限定 ?
  qualifier               資格修飾詞                              限定修飾詞 ?
  queue                   伫列                                    隊列
  raise                   引發(常用來表示發出一個 exception)    引起、引發
  rank                    等級、分等(ref. C++Primer 3/e 9,15章) 等級
  raw                     生鮮的、未經處理的                      未經處理的
  refer                   取用                                    三考
  reference              (C++ 中類似指標的東西,相當於 "化身")  引用、三考
  represent               表述,表現                              表述,表現
  resolve                 決議(為算式中的符號名稱尋找            解析
                                對應之宣告式的過程)
  resolution              決議程序、決議過程                      解析過程
  rvalue                  右值                                    右值
  scope                   生存空間、生存范圍                      生存空間
  scope operator          生存空間(范圍決議)運算子  ::          生存空間運算符
  scope resolution operator
                          生存空間決議運算子                      生存空間解析運算符
                          (與scope operator同)
  sequential container    循序式容器                              順序式容器
                          (對應於 associative container)
  specialization          非凡化、非凡化定義、非凡化宣告          特化
  software                軟體                                    軟件
  source                  原始碼                                  源碼、源代碼
  stack                   堆疊                                    堆棧
  stack unwinding         堆疊輾轉開解(此詞用於 exception 主題) 堆棧輾轉開解 *
  statement               述句                                    語句、聲明
  stream                  資料流                                  流
  string                  字串                                    字符串
  subscript operator      下標運算子 [ ]                          下標運算符
  subtype                 子型別               
  
 
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