1 Standard headers 1.1 Containers 1.2 General 1.3 Localization 1.4 Strings 1.5 Streams and Input/Output 1.6 Language support 1.7 Thread support library 1.8 Numerics library 1.9 C standard library
1 Standard headers The following files contain the declarations of the C++ Standard Library.
1.1 Containers <array> New in C++11 and TR1. Provides the container class template std::array, a container for a fixed sized array. <bitset> Provides the specialized container class std::bitset, a bit array. <deque> Provides the container class template std::deque, a double-ended queue. <forward_list> New in C++11 and TR1. Provides the container class template std::forward_list, a singly linked list. <list> Provides the container class template std::list, a doubly linked list. <map> Provides the container class templates std::map and std::multimap, sorted associative array and multimap. <queue> Provides the container adapter class std::queue, a single-ended queue, and std::priority_queue, a priority queue. <set> Provides the container class templates std::set and std::multiset, sorted associative containers or sets. <stack> Provides the container adapter class std::stack, a stack. <unordered_map> New in C++11 and TR1. Provides the container class template std::unordered_map and std::unordered_multimap, hash tables. <unordered_set> New in C++11 and TR1. Provides the container class template std::unordered_set and std::unordered_multiset. <vector> Provides the container class template std::vector, a dynamic array.
1.2 General <algorithm> Provides definitions of many container algorithms. <chrono> Provides time elements, such as std::chrono::duration, std::chrono::time_point, and clocks. <functional> Provides several function objects, designed for use with the standard algorithms. <iterator> Provides classes and templates for working with iterators. <memory> Provides facilities for memory management in C++, including the class template std::unique_ptr. <stdexcept> Contains standard exception classes such as std::logic_error and std::runtime_error, both derived from std::exception. <tuple> New in C++11 and TR1. Provides a class template std::tuple, a tuple. <utility> Provides the template class std::pair, for working with object pairs (two-member tuples), and the namespace std::rel_ops, for easier operator overloading.
1.3 Localization <locale> Defines classes and declares functions that encapsulate and manipulate the information peculiar to a locale. <codecvt> Provides code conversion facets for various character encodings.
1.4 Strings <string> Provides the C++ standard string classes and templates. <regex> New in C++11. Provides utilities for pattern matching strings using regular expressions.
1.5 Streams and Input/Output <fstream> Provides facilities for file-based input and output. See fstream. <iomanip> Provides facilities to manipulate output formatting, such as the base used when formatting integers and the precision of floating point values. <ios> Provides several types and functions basic to the operation of iostreams. <iosfwd> Provides forward declarations of several I/O-related class templates. <iostream> Provides C++ input and output fundamentals. See iostream. <istream> Provides the template class std::istream and other supporting classes for input. <ostream> Provides the template class std::ostream and other supporting classes for output. <sstream> Provides the template class std::sstream and other supporting classes for string manipulation. <streambuf> Provides reading and writing functionality to/from certain types of character sequences, such as external files or strings.
1.6 Language support <exception> Provides several types and functions related to exception handling, including std::exception, the base class of all exceptions thrown by the Standard Library. <limits> Provides the template class std::numeric_limits, used for describing properties of fundamental numeric types. <new> Provides operators new and delete and other functions and types composing the fundamentals of C++ memory management. <typeinfo> Provides facilities for working with C++ run-time type information.
1.7 Thread support library <thread> New in C++11. Provide class and namespace for working with threads. <mutex> New in C++11. 30.4-1 This section provides mechanisms for mutual exclusion: mutexes, locks, and call once. <condition_variable> New in C++11. 30.5-1 Condition variables provide synchronization primitives used to block a thread until notified by some other thread that some condition is met or until a system time is reached. <future> New in C++11. 30.6.1-1 Describes components that a C++ program can use to retrieve in one thread the result (value or exception) from a function that has run in the same thread or another thread.
1.8 Numerics library Components that C++ programs may use to perform seminumerical operations. <complex> The header <complex> defines a class template, and numerous functions for representing and manipulating complex numbers. <random> Facility for generating (pseudo-)random numbers <valarray> Defines five class templates (valarray, slice_array, gslice_array, mask_array, and indirect_array), two classes (slice and gslice), and a series of related function templates for representing and manipulating arrays of values. <numeric> Generalized numeric operations.
1.9 C standard library Each header from the C Standard Library is included in the C++ Standard Library under a different name, generated by removing the .h, and adding a 'c' at the start; for example, 'time.h' becomes 'ctime'. The only difference between these headers and the traditional C Standard Library headers is that where possible the functions should be placed into the std:: namespace. In ISO C, functions in the standard library are allowed to be implemented by macros, which is not allowed by ISO C++.
2.本文網址[tom-and-jerry發布於2014-10-24 14:23]
http://www.cnblogs.com/tom-and-jerry/p/4048635.html
標准c++庫函數是指C++語言本身支持的一些基本函數，通常是匯編直接實現的。它是針對c++語言本身的。
標准，就是世界一些標准化組織定義的東西，是他們從綜合、非盈利的角度定義的。
而編譯平台提供的函數庫（如這裡的 c runtime library function），它是一個商業化的東西，它會更多的從商業角度上來考慮，可能不一定完全遵守標准函數庫，也可能擴展一些標准函數庫。
count = 1
for(i = 9 ,;i >0 ; i--)
{
count = (count+1) *2;
}
第二天剩的都是前一天一半 減一個。所以是(X+1)*2
