用C說話舉例講授數據構造中的算法龐雜度結與次序表。本站提示廣大學習愛好者:(用C說話舉例講授數據構造中的算法龐雜度結與次序表)文章只能為提供參考,不一定能成為您想要的結果。以下是用C說話舉例講授數據構造中的算法龐雜度結與次序表正文
數據構造算法龐雜度
1、影響算法效力的重要身分
(1)算法采取的戰略和辦法;
(2)成績的輸出范圍;
(3)編譯器所發生的代碼;
(4)盤算機履行速度。
2、時光龐雜度
// 時光龐雜度:2n + 5 long sum1(int n) { long ret = 0; \\1 int* array = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int)); \\1 int i = 0; \\1 for(i=0; i<n; i++) \\n { array[i] = i + 1; } for(i=0; i<n; i++) \\n { ret += array[i]; } free(array); \\1 return ret; \\1 } \\時光龐雜度: n + 3 long sum2(int n) { long ret = 0; \\1 int i = 0; \\1 for(i=1; i<=n; i++) \\n { ret += i; } return ret; \\1 } \\時光龐雜度: 3 long sum3(int n) { long ret = 0; \\1 if( n > 0 ) { ret = (1 + n) * n / 2; \\1 } return ret; \\1 }
跟著成績范圍n的增年夜,它們操作數目的差別會愈來愈年夜,是以現實算法在時光效力上的差別也會變得異常顯著!
斷定一個算法的效力時,常常只須要存眷操作數目的最高次項,其它主要項和常數項可以疏忽。
在沒有特別解釋時,我們所剖析的算法的時光龐雜度都是指最壞時光龐雜度。
3、空間龐雜度
//空間龐雜度:12 + n long sum1(int n) { long ret = 0; \\4 int* array = (int*)malloc(n * sizeof(int)); \\4 + 4 * n int i = 0; \\4 for(i=0; i<n; i++) { array[i] = i + 1; } for(i=0; i<n; i++) { ret += array[i]; } free(array); return ret; } \\空間龐雜度: 8 long sum2(int n) { long ret = 0; \\4 int i = 0; \\4 for(i=1; i<=n; i++) { ret += i; } return ret; } \\空間龐雜度: 4 long sum3(int n) { long ret = 0; \\4 if( n > 0 ) { ret = (1 + n) * n / 2; } return ret; }
多半情形下,算法履行時所用的時光更使人存眷,假如有需要,可以經由過程增長空間龐雜度來下降時光龐雜度,同理,也能夠經由過程增長時光龐雜度來下降空間龐雜度,詳細成績,詳細剖析。
數據構造次序表
表是具有雷同類型的n(n >= 0)個數據元素的無限序列,即:
//seq_list.h #ifndef _SEQ_LIST_H_ #define _SEQ_LIST_H_ struct seq_list { int capacity; int length; unsigned int *node; }; struct seq_list* seq_list_create(int capacity); int seq_list_capacity(struct seq_list* list); int seq_list_length(struct seq_list* list); int seq_list_insert(struct seq_list* list, int position, void* data); void* seq_list_get(struct seq_list* list, int position); void* seq_list_remove(struct seq_list* list, int position); void seq_list_clear(); void seq_list_destroy(struct seq_list* list); #endif //seq_list.c #include "seq_list.h" #include <stddef.h> #include <malloc.h> struct seq_list* seq_list_create(int capacity) { int i = 0; struct seq_list* ret = NULL; if (capacity >= 0) { ret = (struct seq_list*) malloc(sizeof(struct seq_list) + sizeof(unsigned int) * capacity); if (ret != NULL) { ret->capacity = capacity; ret->length = 0; ret->node = (unsigned int*) (ret + 1); } } return ret; } int seq_list_insert(struct seq_list* list, int position, void* data) { int i = 0; int ret; ret = (list != NULL); ret = ret && position >= 0 && position < list->capacity; ret = ret && list->length < list->capacity; if (ret) { for (i = list->length; i > position; i--) { list->node[i] = (list->node[i - 1]); } list->node[i] = (unsigned int)data; double *p = (double *)data; list->length++; } return ret; } void* seq_list_get(struct seq_list* list, int position) { void* ret = NULL; if (list != NULL && position >= 0 && position < list->length) { ret = (void *)list->node[position]; } return ret; } void* seq_list_remove(struct seq_list* list, int position) { void* ret = NULL; int i = 0; if (list != NULL && position >= 0 && position < list->length) { int i = 0; ret = seq_list_get(list, position); for (i = position + 1; i < list->length; i++) { list->node[i - 1] = list->node[i]; } list->length--; } return ret; } int seq_list_capacity(struct seq_list* list) { int ret = -1; if (list != NULL) { ret = list->capacity; } return ret; } int seq_list_length(struct seq_list* list) { int ret = -1; if (list != NULL) { ret = list->length; } return ret; } void seq_list_clear(struct seq_list* list) { if (list != NULL) { list->length = 0; } } void seq_list_destroy(struct seq_list* list) { free(list); list = NULL; } //seq_list_main.c #include <stdio.h> #include "seq_list.h" int main(void) { struct seq_list* list = seq_list_create(100); double *p = NULL; int ret = 0; double a = 1.1; double b = 2.2; double c = 3.3; double d = 4.4; double e = 5.5; seq_list_insert(list, 0, &a); seq_list_insert(list, 1, &b); seq_list_insert(list, 2, &c); seq_list_insert(list, 3, &d); seq_list_insert(list, 4, &e); printf("list capacity = %d, length = %d\n", seq_list_capacity(list), seq_list_length(list)); p = (double *)seq_list_get(list, 0); if (p != NULL) { printf("%lf\n", *p); } p = (double *)seq_list_get(list, 3); if (p != NULL) { printf("%lf\n", *p); } p = (double *)seq_list_remove(list, 3); if (p != NULL) { printf("remove data %lf, index at 3 , after length: %d\n", *p, seq_list_length(list)); } p = (double *)seq_list_get(list, 3); if (p != NULL) { printf("after remove, index at 3: %lf\n", *p); } seq_list_clear(list); printf("after clear, list length is %d\n", seq_list_length(list)); seq_list_destroy(list); return 0; }