要點：
程序異常終止之後會生成core代碼文件程序添加-g編譯選項，從而包含調試信息結合gdb和coredump文件定位異常點
程序異常終止之後會生成coredump文件，不同的系統、不同的設置，這個自動生成的coredump文件也不一樣。
示例代碼：
#include
int core_dump() {
int i;
for (i = 5; i >= 0; i--) {
printf("(%d, %d)\n", i, 100 / i);
}
return 0;
}
int main() {
core_dump();
return 0;
}
以上代碼存在除0異常，編譯運行：
gcc main.c
./a.out
運行結果：
(5, 20)
(4, 25)
(3, 33)
(2, 50)
(1, 100)
[1] 9662 floating point exception (core dumped) ./a.out
為了更清楚地找到代碼出錯的地方，可以使用gdb來分析coredump文件：
~/examples/cpp/core_dump % gdb ./a.out core
GNU gdb (GDB) 7.7
Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i686-pc-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
.
For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from ./a.out...done.
[New LWP 9662]
warning: Could not load shared library symbols for linux-gate.so.1.
Do you need "set solib-search-path" or "set sysroot"?
Core was generated by `./a.out'.
Program terminated with signal SIGFPE, Arithmetic exception.
#0 0x08048415 in core_dump ()
(gdb) where
#0 0x08048415 in core_dump ()
#1 0x0804844b in main ()
(gdb) q
可以看到上面並沒有給出具體的代碼&行號，因為需要添加-g編譯選項。為此重新編譯、運行，此時的coredumnp文件就提供了全面的信息：
~/examples/cpp/core_dump % gdb ./a.out core
GNU gdb (GDB) 7.7
Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i686-pc-linux-gnu".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
.
For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from ./a.out...done.
[New LWP 9758]
warning: Could not load shared library symbols for linux-gate.so.1.
Do you need "set solib-search-path" or "set sysroot"?
Core was generated by `./a.out'.
Program terminated with signal SIGFPE, Arithmetic exception.
#0 0x08048415 in core_dump () at main.c:7
7 printf("(%d, %d)\n", i, 100 / i);
(gdb) where
#0 0x08048415 in core_dump () at main.c:7
#1 0x0804844b in main () at main.c:14
(gdb)
補充：
當然，並不是所有的異常都會生成coredump文件，具體請參考《Unix環境高級編程(2nd)》第十章 信號。有些環境缺省設置coredump文件是0字節，為此需要ulimit -c 1024(文件大小)。
