一個示范gettext實現L10N的小例子

這是英文書上的示例，貼在這裡當翻譯的文章跟大家share下。沒有逐字逐句翻譯哈，加了我個人的一些口水話和一些廢話哈哈

這是來自《Free/Open Source Software Guide to Localization》裡面Chapter10的示例，簡單明了，我在RedHat5.3上嘗試了一把，終於明白了gettext的使用方法，雖然還很淺顯哈哈，但對我來說意義非凡！小弟一直想整個可以隨便國際化本地化的程序，不知道如何入手，《Free/Open Source Software Guide to Localization》給了我相當的指導，推薦大家閱讀O(∩_∩)O~


廢話不說，直接上代碼，helloworldintl.c：

#include<libintl.h>
#include<locale.h>
#include<stdio.h>

#define _(String) gettext (String)
#define _t(String1,String2,n) ngettext (String1,String2,n)

int main()
{
    int i;
    setlocale(LC_ALL,"");
    bindtextdomain("helloworldintl","/usr/share/locale");
    textdomain("helloworldintl");
    printf(_("again"));
    printf("\n");
    printf(_("Hello World"));
    printf("\n");
    printf(_("These text demonstrate that translation using po files is easier\n"));
    scanf("%d",&i);
    printf(_t("This number %d is of singular form","This number %d is of plural form",i),i);
    printf("\n");
    printf(_("The magic number is %d\n"),i);
    printf(_("These are additional words"));
    printf("\n");
    printf(_("I love translation\n"));
}//main

Step 1:
執行如下命令提取程序中的字符串：
xgettext -d helloworldintl -o helloworldintl.pot --keyword=_t:1,2 -k_ -s helloworldintl.c
注意-k參數後面有個下劃線，表示需要提取以下劃線引用gettext函數的相關字符串。我弄了好幾次才弄對的！

Step 2:
然後隨便用Linux上的支持Unicode的文本編輯器，比如gedit打開helloworldintl.pot，瞧下內容：

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Brant I18N Hello World 1.0\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-12-16 17:15+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-12-16 17:15+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: BrantC <[email protected]>\n"
"Language-Team: BrantC <[email protected]>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 11;\n"

#: helloworldintl.c:17
#, c-format
msgid "Hello World"
msgstr ""

#: helloworldintl.c:26
#, c-format
msgid "I love translation\n"
msgstr "\n"

#: helloworldintl.c:23
#, c-format
msgid "The magic number is %d\n"
msgstr " %d\n"

#: helloworldintl.c:24
#, c-format
msgid "These are additional words"
msgstr ""

#: helloworldintl.c:19
#, c-format
msgid "These text demonstrate that translation using po files is easier\n"
msgstr "po\n"

#: helloworldintl.c:21
#, c-format
msgid "This number %d is of singular form"
msgid_plural "This number %d is of plural form"
msgstr[0] " %d "
msgstr[1] " %d "

#: helloworldintl.c:14
#, c-format
msgid "again"
msgstr ""

Step 3:
把這個pot文件copy為po文件，即helloworldintl.po文件，這種po文件時要給LS team的，他們就把字符串翻譯更新到po文件中，翻譯後的po文件，如下：

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
# Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Brant I18N Hello World 1.0\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-12-16 17:15+0800\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-12-16 17:15+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: BrantC <[email protected]>\n"
"Language-Team: BrantC <[email protected]>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 11;\n"

#: helloworldintl.c:17
#, c-format
msgid "Hello World"
msgstr "你好，世界"

#: helloworldintl.c:26
#, c-format
msgid "I love translation\n"
msgstr "我愛翻譯\n"

#: helloworldintl.c:23
#, c-format
msgid "The magic number is %d\n"
msgstr "這個神齊的數字是 %d\n"

#: helloworldintl.c:24
#, c-format
msgid "These are additional words"
msgstr "這些是附加的單詞"

#: helloworldintl.c:19
#, c-format
msgid "These text demonstrate that translation using po files is easier\n"
msgstr "這些示例文本通過po文件翻譯更容易\n"

#: helloworldintl.c:21
#, c-format
msgid "This number %d is of singular form"
msgid_plural "This number %d is of plural form"
msgstr[0] "這個數字 %d 是單數形式"
msgstr[1] "這個數字 %d 是復數形式"

#: helloworldintl.c:14
#, c-format
msgid "again"
msgstr "重試"

Step 4:
然後，執行下面的命令生成mo文件：
msgfmt helloworldintl.po -o helloworldintl.m

Step 5:
然後把mo文件copy到相應的locale目錄下面，我這裡是/usr/share/locale/zh_CN.GB2312/LC_MESSAGES/.

Step 6:
現在可以算大功告成，執行中文版的helloworldintl：



執行英文版的helloworldintl：



哈哈，完美：）