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 程式師世界 >> 編程語言 >> C語言 >> 關於C語言 >> 在winform下實現左右布局多窗口界面的方法

在winform下實現左右布局多窗口界面的方法

編輯:關於C語言

在web頁面上我們可以通過frameset,iframe嵌套框架很容易實現各種導航+內容的布局界面,而在winform、WPF中實現其實也很容易,我這裡就分享一個:在winform下實現左右布局多窗口界面。

我這裡說的多窗口是指一個父窗口包含多個子窗口,在winform中實現這種效果很簡單,即將某個窗口的IsMdiContainer設為true,然後將其它子窗口的MdiParent設為其父窗口對象即可,這樣就完成了一個多窗口界面,效果如下:


點擊NEW新打開一個窗口,其效果如下:


請看我上圖紅色標注的地方,Windows菜單項下面顯示的是當前所有已打開的子窗口,點擊某個菜單,即可快速切換到其它窗口,若關閉某個子窗口,與之相對應的菜單項也會自動被移除,實現這個功能也很簡單,只需要將菜單的MdiWindowListItem屬性設為需要顯示活動窗口列表的菜單項即可,如:this.menuStrip1.MdiWindowListItem = this.WindowsToolStripMenuItem;

上述示例完整的實現代碼如下:

? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 public partial class FormMdi : Form { private int formCount = 0; public FormMdi() { InitializeComponent(); this.menuStrip1.MdiWindowListItem = this.WindowsToolStripMenuItem; } private void newToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { ShowChildForm<FormChild>(); } private void ShowChildForm<TForm>() where TForm : Form, new() { TForm childForm = new TForm(); childForm.Name = "frm" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"); childForm.Text = string.Format("Child Form -{0}", ++formCount); childForm.MdiParent = this; childForm.WindowState = FormWindowstate.Maximized; childForm.Show(); } }

相信實現上面這部份功能一般用過winform的人都會操作,我這裡就當是復習順便給新手一個參考,同時也為下面要實現的左右布局功能做一個鋪墊吧。

要實現左右布局,並且能夠支持可動態調整左右占比的功能,非SplitContainer控件莫屬了,如果不了解該控件用法請自行在網上查找相關資料,我這裡就不作說明,如果要顯示Windows已打開的子窗口情況,同樣也需要用到MenuStrip控件,

最終設計的主窗口(FormMain)效果如下:


我這裡因為只是演示,所以菜單控件上我只添加了兩個菜單項,分別為:WINDOWS,用於顯示Windows已打開的子窗口列表,NEW,用於打開一個子窗口;SplitContainer控件全部采用默認的,沒有放置任何控件在其中,如果用在正式系統中,一般左邊Panel1中會放置一個樹形菜單,右邊Panel2中保持空即可,因為這個是用來作為子窗口的容器。

界面設計好了,下面就實現最重要的兩個功能。

第一個功能:在右邊Panel2中顯示子窗口,實現代碼如下:

? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 public FormMain() this.IsMdiContainer = true; private void ShowChildForm<TForm>() where TForm : Form, new() { TForm childForm = new TForm(); childForm.Name = "frm" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"); childForm.Text = string.Format("Child Form -{0}", ++formCount); childForm.MdiParent = this; childForm.Parent = splitContainer1.Panel2; childForm.WindowState = FormWindowstate.Maximized; childForm.Show(); }

簡要說明:

1.在窗口構造函數中動態的將IsMdiContainer設為true,當然也可以設計視圖中設置;

2.編寫一個顯示寫子窗口的方法,方法中需注意的地方:childForm.MdiParent = this;childForm.Parent = splitContainer1.Panel2,意思是:將當前窗口作為子窗口的父窗口,同時將Panel2指定為子窗口的父對象,這樣就能實現子窗口在Panel2中打開了。

第二個功能:在Windows菜單項下顯示已打開的子窗口列表,這裡實現就沒有像文章一開始介紹的那樣簡單,使用那個方法是無效的,需要我們來自行實現,稍微有點復雜,但如果明白其實現原理,也就簡單明白了。

實現思路:當childForm加載到Panel2時,會觸發Panel2.ControlAdded事件,當childForm被關閉時,會觸發Panel2.ControlRemoved事件,我們可以統一訂閱這兩個事件,當childForm加載時,那麼就在Windows菜單項下增加一個菜單項,反之則移除該菜單項,實現代碼如下:

? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 this.splitContainer1.Panel2.ControlAdded += Panel2_ControlChanged; this.splitContainer1.Panel2.ControlRemoved += Panel2_ControlChanged; void Panel2_ControlChanged(object sender, ControlEventArgs e) { var frm = e.Control as Form; string menuName = "menu_" + frm.Name; bool exists = this.splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls.Contains(frm); if (exists) { var menuItem = GetMenuItem(menuName); if (menuItem != null) { menuItem.Checked = true; frm.BringToFront(); frm.Focus(); } else { WindowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.Add(new ToolStripMenuItem() { Text = frm.Text, Name = menuName, Tag = frm, Checked = true }); } } else { var menuItem = GetMenuItem(menuName); if (menuItem != null) { WindowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.Remove(menuItem); menuItem.Dispose(); } } } private ToolStripMenuItem GetMenuItem(string menuName) { var menuItems = WindowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.Cast<ToolStripMenuItem>(); menuItems.ToList().ForEach(m => m.Checked = false); return menuItems.Where(m => m.Name == menuName).SingleOrDefault(); }

同時為了實現點擊WINDOWS菜單項的子菜單能夠快速切換子窗口,需要訂閱Windows菜單項的DropDownItemClicked事件,當然也可以為新增的子菜單項訂閱Click事件,實現代碼如下:

? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 windowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItemClicked += WindowsToolStripMenuItem_DropDownItemClicked; void WindowsToolStripMenuItem_DropDownItemClicked(object sender, ToolStripItemClickedEventArgs e) { var menuItem = GetMenuItem(e.ClickedItem.Name); menuItem.Checked = true; var childForm = menuItem.Tag as Form; childForm.BringToFront(); childForm.Focus(); } private void CheckWindowsMenuItem(string menuName) { var menuItem = GetMenuItem(menuName); if (menuItem != null) { menuItem.Checked = true; } }

這樣就基本實現了在WINDOWS菜單項下顯示已打開的子窗口列表,並點擊指定的菜單項能夠切換當前活動的子窗口,但仍有一個不足的地方,那就是,當直接點擊子窗口來切換當前活動窗口時(說白了就是當點擊某個子窗口標題欄,該窗口就顯示在其它所有的子窗口最前面),Windows菜單項下的子菜單勾選項沒有同步更新,一開始想到的是用Activated事件來進行處理,結果經測試發現有效,該Activated事件在點擊子窗口標題欄時並不會被觸發,所以只能換種方法,經過多次測試,發現當窗口從後面切換到前面時(稱為Z順序改變),子窗口就會發生重繪,從而觸發Paint方法,我們可以訂閱該事件,並進行處理,實現代碼如下:

? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 private string currentChildFormName = null; //記錄當前活動子窗口名稱 childForm.Paint += (s, e) => { var frm=s as Form; if (!frm.Name.Equals(currentChildFormName) && this.splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls[0].Equals(frm)) //當容器中第一個控件就是當前的窗口,則表明該窗口處於所有窗口之上 { CheckWindowsMenuItem("menu_" + frm.Name); currentChildFormName = frm.Name; } };

最後貼出完整的實現代碼:

? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 { public partial class FormMain : Form { private int formCount = 0; private string currentChildFormName = null; public FormMain() { InitializeComponent(); this.IsMdiContainer = true; this.splitContainer1.Panel2.ControlAdded += Panel2_ControlChanged; this.splitContainer1.Panel2.ControlRemoved += Panel2_ControlChanged; windowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItemClicked += WindowsToolStripMenuItem_DropDownItemClicked; } void WindowsToolStripMenuItem_DropDownItemClicked(object sender, ToolStripItemClickedEventArgs e) { var menuItem = GetMenuItem(e.ClickedItem.Name); menuItem.Checked = true; var childForm = menuItem.Tag as Form; childForm.BringToFront(); childForm.Focus(); } private void FormMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { ShowChildForm<FormChild>(); } private void ShowChildForm<TForm>() where TForm : Form, new() { TForm childForm = new TForm(); childForm.Name = "frm" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"); childForm.Text = string.Format("Child Form -{0}", ++formCount); childForm.MdiParent = this; childForm.Parent = splitContainer1.Panel2; childForm.WindowState = FormWindowstate.Maximized; childForm.Paint += (s, e) => { var frm=s as Form; if (!frm.Name.Equals(currentChildFormName) && this.splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls[0].Equals(frm)) //當容器中第一個控件就是當前的窗口,則表明該窗口處於所有窗口之上 { CheckWindowsMenuItem("menu_" + frm.Name); currentChildFormName = frm.Name; } }; childForm.Show(); } private void CheckWindowsMenuItem(string menuName) { var menuItem = GetMenuItem(menuName); if (menuItem != null) { menuItem.Checked = true; } } void Panel2_ControlChanged(object sender, ControlEventArgs e) { var frm = e.Control as Form; string menuName = "menu_" + frm.Name; bool exists = this.splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls.Contains(frm); if (exists) { var menuItem = GetMenuItem(menuName); if (menuItem != null) { menuItem.Checked = true; frm.BringToFront(); frm.Focus(); } else { WindowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.Add(new ToolStripMenuItem() { Text = frm.Text, Name = menuName, Tag = frm, Checked = true }); } } else { var menuItem = GetMenuItem(menuName); if (menuItem != null) { WindowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.Remove(menuItem); menuItem.Dispose(); } } } private ToolStripMenuItem GetMenuItem(string menuName) { var menuItems = WindowsToolStripMenuItem.DropDownItems.Cast<ToolStripMenuItem>(); menuItems.ToList().ForEach(m => m.Checked = false); return menuItems.Where(m => m.Name == menuName).SingleOrDefault(); } private void newToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { ShowChildForm<FormChild>(); } } }

以下是系統自動生成的代碼:

? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 namespace WindowsFormsApplication1 { partial class FormMain { /// <summary> /// 必需的設計器變量。 /// </summary> private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null; /// <summary> /// 清理所有正在使用的資源。 /// </summary> /// <param name="disposing">如果應釋放托管資源,為 true;否則為 false。</param> protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (disposing && (components != null)) { components.Dispose(); } base.Dispose(disposing); } #region Windows 窗體設計器生成的代碼 /// <summary> /// 設計器支持所需的方法 - 不要 /// 使用代碼編輯器修改此方法的內容。 /// </summary> private void InitializeComponent() { this.menuStrip1 = new System.Windows.Forms.MenuStrip(); this.WindowsToolStripMenuItem = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem(); this.newToolStripMenuItem = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem(); this.splitContainer1 = new System.Windows.Forms.SplitContainer(); this.menuStrip1.SuspendLayout(); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.splitContainer1)).BeginInit(); this.splitContainer1.SuspendLayout(); this.SuspendLayout(); // // menuStrip1 // this.menuStrip1.Items.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItem[] { this.WindowsToolStripMenuItem, this.newToolStripMenuItem}); this.menuStrip1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0); this.menuStrip1.MdiWindowListItem = this.WindowsToolStripMenuItem; this.menuStrip1.Name = "menuStrip1"; this.menuStrip1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(1069, 25); this.menuStrip1.TabIndex = 1; this.menuStrip1.Text = "menuStrip1"; // // WindowsToolStripMenuItem // this.WindowsToolStripMenuItem.Name = "WindowsToolStripMenuItem"; this.WindowsToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(73, 21); this.WindowsToolStripMenuItem.Text = "Windows"; this.WindowsToolStripMenuItem.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.WindowsToolStripMenuItem_Click); // // newToolStripMenuItem // this.newToolStripMenuItem.Name = "newToolStripMenuItem"; this.newToolStripMenuItem.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(46, 21); this.newToolStripMenuItem.Text = "New"; this.newToolStripMenuItem.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.newToolStripMenuItem_Click); // // splitContainer1 // this.splitContainer1.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ActiveCaption; this.splitContainer1.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill; this.splitContainer1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 25); this.splitContainer1.Name = "splitContainer1"; // // splitContainer1.Panel2 // this.splitContainer1.Panel2.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ScrollBar; this.splitContainer1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(1069, 526); this.splitContainer1.SplitterDistance = 356; this.splitContainer1.TabIndex = 2; // // FormMain // this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F); this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font; this.ClIEntSize = new System.Drawing.Size(1069, 551); this.Controls.Add(this.splitContainer1); this.Controls.Add(this.menuStrip1); this.MainMenuStrip = this.menuStrip1; this.Name = "FormMain"; this.Text = "FormMain"; this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.FormMain_Load); this.menuStrip1.ResumeLayout(false); this.menuStrip1.PerformLayout(); ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.splitContainer1)).EndInit(); this.splitContainer1.ResumeLayout(false); this.ResumeLayout(false); this.PerformLayout(); } #endregion private System.Windows.Forms.MenuStrip menuStrip1; private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem WindowsToolStripMenuItem; private System.Windows.Forms.SplitContainer splitContainer1; private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem newToolStripMenuItem; } }

以下是效果演示截圖:

以上內容給大家分享了在winform下實現左右布局多窗口界面的方法,有什麼更好的實現方法可以在下方評論,不足之處也歡迎指出,謝謝!

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