看了C#的事件,發覺跟學Java時見到的觀察者模式相似,網上搜了一下,有總結的帖 子,轉載如下
namespace MyCollections
{
using System.Collections;
//------------------------------------------------------------------------ -----
//該委托定義相當於觀察者模式中的 Notify()函數,
//用來通知觀察者關於subject 的變化
//通知觀察者,觀察者會自動執行觀察者內的Update(),Update()方法會暴露給 subjects.
// A delegate type for hooking up change notifications.
public delegate void ChangedEventHandler(object sender, EventArgs e);
//------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------
//該類相當於觀察者模式中的subjects.
// A class that works just like ArrayList, but sends event
// notifications whenever the list changes.
public class ListWithChangedEvent: ArrayList
{
// An event that clients can use to be notifIEd whenever the
// elements of the list change.
public event ChangedEventHandler Changed; //事件相當於實做Notify()函數
// Invoke the Changed event; called whenever list changes
protected virtual void OnChanged(EventArgs e)
{
if (Changed != null) //這裡表示subjects狀態有變化,需要通知 observers.
Changed(this, e);
}
// Override some of the methods that can change the list;
// invoke event after each
public override int Add(object value)
{
int i = base.Add(value);
OnChanged(EventArgs.Empty);
return i;
}
public override void Clear()
{
base.Clear();
OnChanged(EventArgs.Empty);
}
public override object this[int index]
{
set
{
base[index] = value;
OnChanged(EventArgs.Empty);
}
}
}
}
namespace TestEvents
{
using MyCollections;
//偵聽者類似於觀察者模式中的observers
class EventListener
{
private ListWithChangedEvent List;
public EventListener(ListWithChangedEvent list)
{
List = list;
// Add "ListChanged" to the Changed event on "List".
List.Changed += new ChangedEventHandler(ListChanged); //這裡類似於 AddObserver();
}
// This will be called whenever the list changes.
private void ListChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Console.WriteLine("This is called when the event fires."); //這裡類似於觀察者暴露給subjects 的Update()方法
Thread.Sleep(5000);
}
public void Detach()
{
// Detach the event and delete the list
List.Changed -= new ChangedEventHandler(ListChanged); //這裡類似於 RemoveObserver();
List = null;
}
}
class Test
{
// Test the ListWithChangedEvent class.
public static void Main()
{
// Create a new list.
ListWithChangedEvent list = new ListWithChangedEvent(); //創建一個 subject(observable)
// Create a class that listens to the list's change event.
EventListener listener = new EventListener(list); //創建一個觀察者
// Add and remove items from the list.
list.Add("item 1"); //subject 的狀態發生變化,通知觀察者作相 應的動作 ListChanged()
list.Clear(); //同上
listener.Detach(); //刪除觀察者
}
}
}