對於引用類型。
對於引用類型就比較難理解了。
先要了解到這一層——就是當一個方法接收到一個引用類型的變量的時候,它將獲得這個引用(Reference)的一個Copy。由於Ref關鍵字可以用來向方法傳遞引用。所以,如果這個功能被誤用了——比如:當一個如數組類型的引用對象用關鍵字Ref傳遞的時候,被調用的方法實際上已經控制了傳遞過來的引用本身。這樣將使得被調用方法能用不同的對象甚至NULL來代替調用者的原始引用!
如圖。內存地址為2000的變量arrayA中其實存放著數組{1,2,3,4,……}的內存起始地址10000。如果一個方法fun()使用fun( arrayA[] )的話,它將順利的獲得數據10000,但這個10000將放在一個Copy中,不會放到內存的2000位置。而這個時候我們如果使用fun( ref arrayA[] )的話,我們得到的值就是2000啦(也就是說,被調用方法能夠修改掉arrayA中的那個引用,使之不再指向10000,甚至可以用NULL來代替10000,這樣的話,那個10000地址中的數據可能就要被垃圾回收機制清理了。)
有個例子:
using System; using System.Drawing; using System.Collections; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Data; namespace RefOut { /// <summary> /// Form1 的摘要說明。 /// </summary> public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form { private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1; private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1; /// <summary> /// 必需的設計器變量。 /// </summary> private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null; public Form1() { // // Windows 窗體設計器支持所必需的 // InitializeComponent(); // // TODO: 在 InitializeComponent 調用後添加任何構造函數代碼 // } /// <summary> /// 清理所有正在使用的資源。 /// </summary> protected override void Dispose( bool disposing ) { if( disposing ) { if (components != null) { components.Dispose(); } } base.Dispose( disposing ); } #region Windows 窗體設計器生成的代碼 /// <summary> /// 設計器支持所需的方法 - 不要使用代碼編輯器修改 /// 此方法的內容。 /// </summary> private void InitializeComponent() { this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label(); this.SuspendLayout(); // // button1 // this.button1.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Top; this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0); this.button1.Name = "button1"; this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(480, 32); this.button1.TabIndex = 0; this.button1.Text = "顯示輸出"; this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click); // // label1 // this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 48); this.label1.Name = "label1"; this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(456, 336); this.label1.TabIndex = 1; this.label1.Text = "label1"; // // Form1 // this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14); this.ClIEntSize = new System.Drawing.Size(480, 405); this.Controls.Add(this.label1); this.Controls.Add(this.button1); this.MaximizeBox = false; this.MinimizeBox = false; this.Name = "Form1"; this.Text = "Ref & Out"; this.ResumeLayout(false); } #endregion /// <summary> /// 應用程序的主入口點。 /// </summary> [STAThread] static void Main() { Application.Run(new Form1()); } private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { int[] firstArray = {1, 2, 3}; int[] firstArrayCopy = firstArray; this.label1.Text = "Test Passing firstArray reference by value"; this.label1.Text += "\n\nContents of firstArray before calling FirstDouble:\n\t"; for(int i = 0;i < firstArray.Length; i++) { this.label1.Text += firstArray[i] + " "; } FirstDouble(firstArray); this.label1.Text += "\n\nContents of firstArray after calling FirstDouble.\n\t"; for(int i=0;i<firstArray.Length;i++) { this.label1.Text += firstArray[i] + " "; } if(firstArray == firstArrayCopy) this.label1.Text +="\n\nThe references refer to the same array.\n"; else this.label1.Text +="\n\nThe reference refer to different arrays.\n"; int[] secondArray = {1, 2, 3}; int[] secondArrayCopy = secondArray; this.label1.Text += "\nTest passing secondArray reference by reference."; this.label1.Text += "\n\nContents of secondArray before calling SecondDouble:\n\t"; for(int i=0;i<secondArray.Length; i++) { this.label1.Text += secondArray[i] + " "; } SecondDouble(ref secondArray); this.label1.Text +="\n\nContents of secondArray after calling SecondDouble:\n\t"; for(int i=0; i<secondArray.Length;i++) { this.label1.Text += secondArray[i] + " "; } if(secondArray== secondArrayCopy) this.label1.Text += "\n\nThe reference refer to the same array."; else this.label1.Text += "\n\nThe reference refer to different arrays."; this.label1.Text += "\n___________________heshi_________________\nsecondarray\n"; for(int i = 0;i<secondArray.Length;i++) { this.label1.Text += secondArray[i] + " "; } this.label1.Text +="\nsecondarraycopy\n"; for(int i=0;i<secondArrayCopy.Length;i++) { this.label1.Text += secondArrayCopy[i] + " "; } } void FirstDouble(int[] array) { for(int i = 0;i<array.Length;i++) array[i] *= 2; array = new int[] {11, 12, 13}; } void SecondDouble(ref int[] array) { for(int i=0;i<array.Length;i++) { array[i] *= 2; } array = new int[] {11, 12, 13}; } } }