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淺談如何在ASP.NET Core中實現一個基礎的身份認證

編輯：ASP.NET基礎

ASP.NET終於可以跨平台了，但是不是我們常用的ASP.NET, 而是叫一個ASP.NET Core的新平台，他可以跨Windows, Linux, OS X等平台來部署你的web應用程序，你可以理解為，這個框架就是ASP.NET的下一個版本，相對於傳統ASP.NET程序，它還是有一些不同的地方的，比如很多類庫在這兩個平台之間是不通用的。

今天首先我們在ASP.NET Core中來實現一個基礎的身份認證，既登陸功能。

前期准備：

1.推薦使用 VS 2015 Update3 作為你的IDE，下載地址：http://www.jb51.net/softjc/446184.html

2.你需要安裝.NET Core的運行環境以及開發工具，這裡提供VS版：http://www.jb51.net/softs/472362.html

創建項目：

在VS中新建項目，項目類型選擇ASP.NET Core Web Application (.NET Core), 輸入項目名稱為TestBasicAuthor。

接下來選擇 Web Application, 右側身份認證選擇：No Authentication

打開Startup.cs

在ConfigureServices方法中加入如下代碼：

services.AddAuthorization();

在Configure方法中加入如下代碼：

app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions 
{ 
  AuthenticationScheme = "Cookie", 
  LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login"), 
  AccessDeniedPath = new PathString("/Account/Forbidden"), 
  AutomaticAuthenticate = true, 
  AutomaticChallenge = true 
});

完整的代碼應該是這樣：

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) 
{ 
  services.AddMvc(); 
 
  services.AddAuthorization(); 
} 
 
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory) 
{ 
  app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions 
  { 
    AuthenticationScheme = "Cookie", 
    LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login"), 
    AccessDeniedPath = new PathString("/Account/Forbidden"), 
    AutomaticAuthenticate = true, 
    AutomaticChallenge = true 
  }); 
 
  app.UseMvc(routes => 
  { 
    routes.MapRoute( 
       name: "default", 
       template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}"); 
  }); 
}

你或許會發現貼進去的代碼是報錯的，這是因為還沒有引入對應的包，進入報錯的這一行，點擊燈泡，加載對應的包就可以了。

在項目下創建一個文件夾命名為Model，並向裡面添加一個類User.cs

代碼應該是這樣

public class User
{
  public string UserName { get; set; }
  public string Password { get; set; }
}

創建一個控制器，取名為：AccountController.cs

在類中貼入如下代碼：

[HttpGet] 
public IActionResult Login() 
{ 
  return View(); 
} 
 
[HttpPost] 
public async Task<IActionResult> Login(User userFromFore) 
{ 
  var userFromStorage = TestUserStorage.UserList 
    .FirstOrDefault(m => m.UserName == userFromFore.UserName && m.Password == userFromFore.Password); 
 
  if (userFromStorage != null) 
  { 
    //you can add all of ClaimTypes in this collection 
    var claims = new List<Claim>() 
    { 
      new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,userFromStorage.UserName) 
      //,new Claim(ClaimTypes.Email,"[email protected]") 
    }; 
 
    //init the identity instances 
    var userPrincipal = new ClaimsPrincipal(new ClaimsIdentity(claims, "SuperSecureLogin")); 
 
    //signin 
    await HttpContext.Authentication.SignInAsync("Cookie", userPrincipal, new AuthenticationProperties 
    { 
      ExpiresUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(20), 
      IsPersistent = false, 
      AllowRefresh = false 
    }); 
 
    return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home"); 
  } 
  else 
  { 
    ViewBag.ErrMsg = "UserName or Password is invalid"; 
 
    return View(); 
  } 
} 
 
public async Task<IActionResult> Logout() 
{ 
  await HttpContext.Authentication.SignOutAsync("Cookie"); 
 
  return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home"); 
}

相同的文件裡讓我們來添加一個模擬用戶存儲的類

//for simple, I'm not using the database to store the user data, just using a static class to replace it.
public static class TestUserStorage
{
  public static List<User> UserList { get; set; } = new List<User>() {
    new User { UserName = "User1",Password = "112233"}
  };
}

接下來修復好各種引用錯誤。

完整的代碼應該是這樣

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using TestBasicAuthor.Model;
using System.Security.Claims;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Authentication;

// For more information on enabling MVC for empty projects, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=397860

namespace TestBasicAuthor.Controllers
{
  public class AccountController : Controller
  {
    [HttpGet]
    public IActionResult Login()
    {
      return View();
    }

    [HttpPost]
    public async Task<IActionResult> Login(User userFromFore)
    {
      var userFromStorage = TestUserStorage.UserList
        .FirstOrDefault(m => m.UserName == userFromFore.UserName && m.Password == userFromFore.Password);

      if (userFromStorage != null)
      {
        //you can add all of ClaimTypes in this collection 
        var claims = new List<Claim>()
        {
          new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,userFromStorage.UserName) 
          //,new Claim(ClaimTypes.Email,"[email protected]") 
        };

        //init the identity instances 
        var userPrincipal = new ClaimsPrincipal(new ClaimsIdentity(claims, "SuperSecureLogin"));

        //signin 
        await HttpContext.Authentication.SignInAsync("Cookie", userPrincipal, new AuthenticationProperties
        {
          ExpiresUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(20),
          IsPersistent = false,
          AllowRefresh = false
        });

        return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
      }
      else
      {
        ViewBag.ErrMsg = "UserName or Password is invalid";

        return View();
      }
    }

    public async Task<IActionResult> Logout()
    {
      await HttpContext.Authentication.SignOutAsync("Cookie");

      return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
    }
  }

  //for simple, I'm not using the database to store the user data, just using a static class to replace it.
  public static class TestUserStorage
  {
    public static List<User> UserList { get; set; } = new List<User>() {
    new User { UserName = "User1",Password = "112233"}
  };
  }
}

在Views文件夾中創建一個Account文件夾，在Account文件夾中創建一個名位index.cshtml的View文件。

貼入如下代碼：

@model TestBasicAuthor.Model.User

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
  <title></title>
</head>
<body>
  @using (Html.BeginForm())
  {
    <table>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td>@ViewBag.ErrMsg</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>UserName</td>
        <td>@Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.UserName)</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Password</td>
        <td>@Html.PasswordFor(m => m.Password)</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td><button>Login</button></td>
      </tr>
    </table>
  }
</body>
</html>

打開HomeController.cs

添加一個Action, AuthPage.

[Authorize]
[HttpGet]
public IActionResult AuthPage()
{
  return View();
}

在Views/Home下添加一個視圖，名為AuthPage.cshtml

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
  <title></title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Auth page</h1>

  <p>if you are not authorized, you can't visit this page.</p>
</body>
</html>

到此，一個基礎的身份認證就完成了，核心登陸方法如下：

await HttpContext.Authentication.SignInAsync("Cookie", userPrincipal, new AuthenticationProperties
{
  ExpiresUtc = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(20),
  IsPersistent = false,
  AllowRefresh = false
});

啟用驗證如下：

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
  app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions
  {
    AuthenticationScheme = "Cookie",
    LoginPath = new PathString("/Account/Login"),
    AccessDeniedPath = new PathString("/Account/Forbidden"),
    AutomaticAuthenticate = true,
    AutomaticChallenge = true
  });
}

在某個Controller或Action添加[Author]，即可配置位需要登陸驗證的頁面。

以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。