在之前的版本中,Session存在於System.Web中,新版ASP.NET 5中由於不在依賴於System.Web.dll庫了,所以相應的,Session也就成了ASP.NET 5中一個可配置的模塊(middleware)了。
配置啟用Session
ASP.NET 5中的Session模塊存在於Microsoft.AspNet.Session類庫中,要啟用Session,首先需要在project.json中的dependencies節點中添加如下內容:
"Microsoft.AspNet.Session": "1.0.0-beta3"
然後在ConfigureServices中添加Session的引用(並進行配置):
services.AddCaching(); // 這兩個必須同時添加,因為Session依賴於Caching services.AddSession(); //services.ConfigureSession(null); 可以在這裡配置,也可以再後面進行配置
最後在Configure方法中,開啟使用Session的模式,如果在上面已經配置過了,則可以不再傳入配置信息,否則還是要像上面的配置信息一樣,傳入Session的配置信息,代碼如下:
app.UseInMemorySession(configure:s => { s.IdleTimeout = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(30); }); //app.UseSession(o => { o.IdleTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30); }); //app.UseInMemorySession(null, null); //開啟內存Session //app.UseDistributedSession(null, null);//開啟分布式Session,也即持久化Session //app.UseDistributedSession(new RedisCache(new RedisCacheOptions() { Configuration = "localhost" }));
對於UseInMemorySession方法,接收2個可選參數,分別是:IMemoryCache
可用於修改Session數據的默認保存地址;Action<SessionOptions>
委托則可以讓你修改默認選項,比如Session cookie的路徑、默認的過期時間等。本例中,我們修改默認過期時間為30分鐘。
注意:該方法必須在app.UseMvc之前調用,否則在Mvc裡獲取不到Session,而且會出錯。
獲取和設置Session
獲取和設置Session對象,一般是在Controller的action裡通過this.Context.Session
來獲取的,其獲取的是一個基於接口ISessionCollection
的實例。該接口可以通過索引、Set、TryGetValue等方法進行Session值的獲取和設置,但我們發現在獲取和設置Session的時候,我們只能使用byte[]類型,而不能像之前版本的Session一樣可以設置任意類型的數據。原因是因為,新版本的Session要支持在遠程服務器上存儲,就需要支持序列化,所以才強制要求保存為byte[]
類型。所以我們在保存Session的時候,需要將其轉換為byte[]
才能進行保存,並且獲取以後要再次將byte[]
轉換為自己的原有的類型才行。這種形式太麻煩了,好在微軟在Microsoft.AspNet.Http
命名空間(所屬Microsoft.AspNet.Http.Extensions.dll
中)下,為我們添加了幾個擴展方法,分別用於設置和保存byte[]
類型、int
類型、以及string
類型,代碼如下:
public static byte[] Get(this ISessionCollection session, string key); public static int? GetInt(this ISessionCollection session, string key); public static string GetString(this ISessionCollection session, string key); public static void Set(this ISessionCollection session, string key, byte[] value); public static void SetInt(this ISessionCollection session, string key, int value); public static void SetString(this ISessionCollection session, string key, string value);
所以,在Controller
裡引用Microsoft.AspNet.Http
命名空間以後,我們就可以通過如下代碼進行Session的設置和獲取了:
Context.Session.SetString("Name", "Mike"); Context.Session.SetInt("Age", 21); ViewBag.Name = Context.Session.GetString("Name"); ViewBag.Age = Context.Session.GetInt("Age");
自定義類型的Session設置和獲取
前面我們說了,要保存自定義類型的Session,需要將其類型轉換成byte[]數組才行,在本例中,我們對bool類型的Session數據進行設置和獲取的代碼,示例如下:
public static class SessionExtensions { public static bool? GetBoolean(this ISessionCollection session, string key) { var data = session.Get(key); if (data == null) { return null; } return BitConverter.ToBoolean(data, 0); } public static void SetBoolean(this ISessionCollection session, string key, bool value) { session.Set(key, BitConverter.GetBytes(value)); } }
定義bool類型的擴展方法以後,我們就可以像SetInt/GetInt那樣進行使用了,示例如下:
Context.Session.SetBoolean("Liar", true); ViewBag.Liar = Context.Session.GetBoolean("Liar");
另外,ISessionCollection接口上還提供了Remove(string key)和Clear()兩個方法分別用於刪除某個Session值和清空所有的Session值的功能。但同時也需要注意,該接口並沒提供之前版本中的Abandon方法功能。
基於Redis的Session管理
使用分布式Session,其主要工作就是將Session保存的地方從原來的內存換到分布式存儲上,本節,我們以Redis存儲為例來講解分布式Session的處理。
先查看使用分布式Session的擴展方法,示例如下,我們可以看到,其Session容器需要是一個支持IDistributedCache
的接口示例。
public static IApplicationBuilder UseDistributedSession([NotNullAttribute]this IApplicationBuilder app, IDistributedCache cache, Action<SessionOptions> configure = null);
該接口是緩存Caching的通用接口,也就是說,只要我們實現了緩存接口,就可以將其用於Session的管理。進一步查看該接口發現,該接口中定義的Set方法還需要實現一個ICacheContext類型的緩存上下文(以便在調用的時候讓其它程序進行委托調用),接口定義分別如下:
public interface IDistributedCache { void Connect(); void Refresh(string key); void Remove(string key); Stream Set(string key, object state, Action<ICacheContext> create); bool TryGetValue(string key, out Stream value); } public interface ICacheContext { Stream Data { get; } string Key { get; } object State { get; } void SetAbsoluteExpiration(TimeSpan relative); void SetAbsoluteExpiration(DateTimeOffset absolute); void SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan offset); }
接下來,我們基於Redis來實現上述功能,創建RedisCache
類,並繼承IDistributedCache
,引用StackExchange.Redis
程序集,然後實現IDistributedCache
接口的所有方法和屬性,代碼如下:
using Microsoft.Framework.Cache.Distributed; using Microsoft.Framework.OptionsModel; using StackExchange.Redis; using System; using System.IO; namespace Microsoft.Framework.Caching.Redis { public class RedisCache : IDistributedCache { // KEYS[1] = = key // ARGV[1] = absolute-expiration - ticks as long (-1 for none) // ARGV[2] = sliding-expiration - ticks as long (-1 for none) // ARGV[3] = relative-expiration (long, in seconds, -1 for none) - Min(absolute-expiration - Now, sliding-expiration) // ARGV[4] = data - byte[] // this order should not change LUA script depends on it private const string SetScript = (@" redis.call('HMSET', KEYS[1], 'absexp', ARGV[1], 'sldexp', ARGV[2], 'data', ARGV[4]) if ARGV[3] ~= '-1' then redis.call('EXPIRE', KEYS[1], ARGV[3]) end return 1"); private const string AbsoluteExpirationKey = "absexp"; private const string SlidingExpirationKey = "sldexp"; private const string DataKey = "data"; private const long NotPresent = -1; private ConnectionMultiplexer _connection; private IDatabase _cache; private readonly RedisCacheOptions _options; private readonly string _instance; public RedisCache(IOptions<RedisCacheOptions> optionsAccessor) { _options = optionsAccessor.Options; // This allows partitioning a single backend cache for use with multiple apps/services. _instance = _options.InstanceName ?? string.Empty; } public void Connect() { if (_connection == null) { _connection = ConnectionMultiplexer.Connect(_options.Configuration); _cache = _connection.GetDatabase(); } } public Stream Set(string key, object state, Action<ICacheContext> create) { Connect(); var context = new CacheContext(key) { State = state }; create(context); var value = context.GetBytes(); var result = _cache.ScriptEvaluate(SetScript, new RedisKey[] { _instance + key }, new RedisValue[] { context.AbsoluteExpiration?.Ticks ?? NotPresent, context.SlidingExpiration?.Ticks ?? NotPresent, context.GetExpirationInSeconds() ?? NotPresent, value }); // TODO: Error handling return new MemoryStream(value, writable: false); } public bool TryGetValue(string key, out Stream value) { value = GetAndRefresh(key, getData: true); return value != null; } public void Refresh(string key) { var ignored = GetAndRefresh(key, getData: false); } private Stream GetAndRefresh(string key, bool getData) { Connect(); // This also resets the LRU status as desired. // TODO: Can this be done in one operation on the server side? Probably, the trick would just be the DateTimeOffset math. RedisValue[] results; if (getData) { results = _cache.HashMemberGet(_instance + key, AbsoluteExpirationKey, SlidingExpirationKey, DataKey); } else { results = _cache.HashMemberGet(_instance + key, AbsoluteExpirationKey, SlidingExpirationKey); } // TODO: Error handling if (results.Length >= 2) { // Note we always get back two results, even if they are all null. // These operations will no-op in the null scenario. DateTimeOffset? absExpr; TimeSpan? sldExpr; MapMetadata(results, out absExpr, out sldExpr); Refresh(key, absExpr, sldExpr); } if (results.Length >= 3 && results[2].HasValue) { return new MemoryStream(results[2], writable: false); } return null; } private void MapMetadata(RedisValue[] results, out DateTimeOffset? absoluteExpiration, out TimeSpan? slidingExpiration) { absoluteExpiration = null; slidingExpiration = null; var absoluteExpirationTicks = (long?)results[0]; if (absoluteExpirationTicks.HasValue && absoluteExpirationTicks.Value != NotPresent) { absoluteExpiration = new DateTimeOffset(absoluteExpirationTicks.Value, TimeSpan.Zero); } var slidingExpirationTicks = (long?)results[1]; if (slidingExpirationTicks.HasValue && slidingExpirationTicks.Value != NotPresent) { slidingExpiration = new TimeSpan(slidingExpirationTicks.Value); } } private void Refresh(string key, DateTimeOffset? absExpr, TimeSpan? sldExpr) { // Note Refresh has no effect if there is just an absolute expiration (or neither). TimeSpan? expr = null; if (sldExpr.HasValue) { if (absExpr.HasValue) { var relExpr = absExpr.Value - DateTimeOffset.Now; expr = relExpr <= sldExpr.Value ? relExpr : sldExpr; } else { expr = sldExpr; } _cache.KeyExpire(_instance + key, expr); // TODO: Error handling } } public void Remove(string key) { Connect(); _cache.KeyDelete(_instance + key); // TODO: Error handling } } }
在上述代碼中,我們使用了自定義類RedisCacheOptions
作為Redis的配置信息類,為了實現基於POCO的配置定義,我們還繼承了IOptions
接口,該類的定義如下:
public class RedisCacheOptions : IOptions<RedisCacheOptions> { public string Configuration { get; set; } public string InstanceName { get; set; } RedisCacheOptions IOptions<RedisCacheOptions>.Options { get { return this; } } RedisCacheOptions IOptions<RedisCacheOptions>.GetNamedOptions(string name) { return this; } }
第三部,定義委托調用時使用的緩存上下文類CacheContext
,具體代碼如下:
using Microsoft.Framework.Cache.Distributed; using System; using System.IO; namespace Microsoft.Framework.Caching.Redis { internal class CacheContext : ICacheContext { private readonly MemoryStream _data = new MemoryStream(); internal CacheContext(string key) { Key = key; CreationTime = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow; } /// <summary> /// The key identifying this entry. /// </summary> public string Key { get; internal set; } /// <summary> /// The state passed into Set. This can be used to avoid closures. /// </summary> public object State { get; internal set; } public Stream Data { get { return _data; } } internal DateTimeOffset CreationTime { get; set; } // 可以讓委托設置創建時間 internal DateTimeOffset? AbsoluteExpiration { get; private set; } internal TimeSpan? SlidingExpiration { get; private set; } public void SetAbsoluteExpiration(TimeSpan relative) // 可以讓委托設置相對過期時間 { if (relative <= TimeSpan.Zero) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("relative", relative, "The relative expiration value must be positive."); } AbsoluteExpiration = CreationTime + relative; } public void SetAbsoluteExpiration(DateTimeOffset absolute) // 可以讓委托設置絕對過期時間 { if (absolute <= CreationTime) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("absolute", absolute, "The absolute expiration value must be in the future."); } AbsoluteExpiration = absolute.ToUniversalTime(); } public void SetSlidingExpiration(TimeSpan offset) // 可以讓委托設置offset過期時間 { if (offset <= TimeSpan.Zero) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offset", offset, "The sliding expiration value must be positive."); } SlidingExpiration = offset; } internal long? GetExpirationInSeconds() { if (AbsoluteExpiration.HasValue && SlidingExpiration.HasValue) { return (long)Math.Min((AbsoluteExpiration.Value - CreationTime).TotalSeconds, SlidingExpiration.Value.TotalSeconds); } else if (AbsoluteExpiration.HasValue) { return (long)(AbsoluteExpiration.Value - CreationTime).TotalSeconds; } else if (SlidingExpiration.HasValue) { return (long)SlidingExpiration.Value.TotalSeconds; } return null; } internal byte[] GetBytes() { return _data.ToArray(); } } }
最後一步定義,RedisCache
中需要的根據key鍵獲取緩存值的快捷方法,代碼如下:
using StackExchange.Redis; using System; namespace Microsoft.Framework.Caching.Redis { internal static class RedisExtensions { private const string HmGetScript = (@"return redis.call('HMGET', KEYS[1], unpack(ARGV))"); internal static RedisValue[] HashMemberGet(this IDatabase cache, string key, params string[] members) { var redisMembers = new RedisValue[members.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < members.Length; i++) { redisMembers[i] = (RedisValue)members[i]; } var result = cache.ScriptEvaluate(HmGetScript, new RedisKey[] { key }, redisMembers); // TODO: Error checking? return (RedisValue[])result; } } }
至此,所有的工作就完成了,將該緩存實現注冊為Session的provider的代碼方法如下:
app.UseDistributedSession(new RedisCache(new RedisCacheOptions() { Configuration = "此處填寫 redis的地址", InstanceName = "此處填寫自定義實例名" }), options => { options.CookieHttpOnly = true; });
參考:http://www.mikesdotnetting.com/article/270/sessions-in-asp-net-5
關於Caching
默認情況下,本地緩存使用的是IMemoryCache接口的示例,可以通過獲取該接口的示例來對本地緩存進行操作,示例代碼如下:
var cache = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredService<IMemoryCache>(); var obj1 = cache.Get("key1"); bool obj2 = cache.Get<bool>("key2");
對於,分布式緩存,由於AddCaching,默認將IMemoryCache實例作為分布式緩存的provider了,代碼如下:
public static class CachingServicesExtensions { public static IServiceCollection AddCaching(this IServiceCollection collection) { collection.AddOptions(); return collection.AddTransient<IDistributedCache, LocalCache>() .AddSingleton<IMemoryCache, MemoryCache>(); } }
所以,要使用新的分布式Caching實現,我們需要注冊自己的實現,代碼如下:
services.AddTransient<IDistributedCache, RedisCache>(); services.Configure<RedisCacheOptions>(opt => { opt.Configuration = "此處填寫 redis的地址"; opt.InstanceName = "此處填寫自定義實例名"; });
基本的使用方法如下:
var cache = app.ApplicationServices.GetRequiredService<IDistributedCache>(); cache.Connect(); var obj1 = cache.Get("key1"); //該對象是流,需要將其轉換為強類型,或自己再編寫擴展方法 var bytes = obj1.ReadAllBytes();