大多數集合都在System.Collections,System.Collections.Generic兩個命名空間。其中System.Collections.Generic專門用於泛型集合。
針對特定類型的集合類型位於System.Collections.Specialized;命名空間;
線程安全的集合類位於System.Collections.Concurrent;命名空間。
下面是集合和列表實現的接口如下:
一、列表
[Serializable] [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(Mscorlib_CollectionDebugView<>))] [DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")] public class List<T> : IList<T>, ICollection<T>, IEnumerable<T>, IList, ICollection, IEnumerable
從這個可以看出,泛型集合List<T>實現了這麼多接口,具體接口的信息可以通過工具查看。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { public class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { List<String> list = new List<string>(); list.Add("張三"); list.Add("李四"); list.Add("王五"); list.Add("田六"); list.Add("趙七"); for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++) { Console.WriteLine("for循環:" + i.ToString() + "=" + list[i]); } list.RemoveAt(0); foreach (String item in list) { Console.WriteLine("foreach迭代:" + item); } list.AddRange(new String[] { "Hello1", "Hello2", "Hello3" }); list.ForEach(Print); Console.Read(); } private static void Print(String item) { Console.WriteLine("ForEach:" + item); } } }
二、隊列
隊列先進先出,一頭進一頭出,用Queue<T>實現
[Serializable] [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(System_QueueDebugView<>))] [ComVisible(false)] [DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")] public class Queue<T> : IEnumerable<T>, ICollection, IEnumerable
可以看出隊列實現了集合的接口,迭代的接口
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { public class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Queue<String> queue = new Queue<string>(); //進隊 queue.Enqueue("張三"); queue.Enqueue("李四"); queue.Enqueue("王五"); queue.Enqueue("田六"); queue.Enqueue("趙七"); foreach (String item in queue) { Console.WriteLine("foreach迭代:" + item); } //出隊 while (queue.Count > 0) { Console.WriteLine("出隊:" + queue.Dequeue()); } Console.Read(); } } }
三、棧
棧:從同一邊先進後出,用Stack<T>實現
[DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")] [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(System_StackDebugView<>))] [ComVisible(false)] public class Stack<T> : IEnumerable<T>, ICollection, IEnumerable
棧也是實現了集合接口與迭代接口的
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { public class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Stack<String> stack = new Stack<string>(); //進棧 stack.Push("張三"); stack.Push("李四"); stack.Push("王五"); stack.Push("田六"); stack.Push("趙七"); foreach (String item in stack) { Console.WriteLine("foreach迭代:" + item); } //出棧 while (stack.Count > 0) { Console.WriteLine("出棧:" + stack.Pop()); } Console.Read(); } } }
四、鏈表
LinkedList是一個雙向鏈表,鏈表有個有點,就是在鏈表中間插入、刪除元素很快,但是查找中間與末尾的元素很慢,需要一個節點一個節點的去找。
[Serializable] [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(System_CollectionDebugView<>))] [DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")] [ComVisible(false)] public class LinkedList<T> : ICollection<T>, IEnumerable<T>, ICollection, IEnumerable, ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback
由此可見鏈表也是有集合的特性的,可以迭代,同時還有鏈表的特性
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { public class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { LinkedList<String> lList = new LinkedList<string>(); LinkedListNode<String> node = new LinkedListNode<string>("root"); lList.AddFirst(node); node = lList.AddAfter(node, "張三"); node = lList.AddAfter(node, "李四"); node = lList.AddAfter(node, "王五"); node = lList.AddAfter(node, "田六"); node = lList.AddAfter(node, "趙七"); foreach (String item in lList) { Console.WriteLine("foreach迭代:" + item); } node = lList.First; Console.WriteLine("第一個元素:" + node.Value); node = lList.Last; Console.WriteLine("最後一個元素:" + node.Value); Console.Read(); } } }
五、有序列表
SortedList采用鍵-值對存儲,鍵不能重復,並且會根據key進行排序
[Serializable] [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(System_DictionaryDebugView<,>))] [DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")] [ComVisible(false)] public class SortedList<TKey, TValue> : IDictionary<TKey, TValue>, ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, IDictionary, ICollection, IEnumerable
可以看出SortedList不僅具有字典的特性,還有集合,迭代的功能
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { public class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { //Key必須唯一,如果不唯一可以考慮Lookup<TKey,TElement> SortedList<int, String> sList = new SortedList<int, string>(); sList.Add(100, "張三"); sList.Add(21, "李四"); sList.Add(13, "王五"); sList.Add(44, "田六"); sList.Add(35, "趙七"); foreach (KeyValuePair<int, String> item in sList) { Console.WriteLine("key=" + item.Key.ToString() + ";value=" + item.Value); } Console.Read(); } } }
六、字典
字典是很復雜的數據結構,允許通過key來查找值,字典可以自由添加、刪除元素,沒有集合由於移動元素導致的開銷。
[Serializable] [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(Mscorlib_DictionaryDebugView<,>))] [DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")] [ComVisible(false)] public class Dictionary<TKey, TValue> : IDictionary<TKey, TValue>, ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, IDictionary, ICollection, IEnumerable, ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback
可以看出字典也具有集合的特性,可以迭代
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { public class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { //Key必須唯一 Dictionary<int, String> dict = new Dictionary<int, string>(); dict.Add(11, "張三"); dict.Add(1, "李四"); dict.Add(2, "王五"); dict.Add(16, "田六"); dict.Add(12, "趙七"); foreach (KeyValuePair<int, String> item in dict) { Console.WriteLine("key=" + item.Key.ToString() + ";value=" + item.Value); } Console.Read(); } } }
說到字典,順便談一下有序字典,與有序列表對應;SortedDictionary,SortedList,SortedSet
會根據Key進行排序
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { public class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { //Key必須唯一 SortedDictionary<int, String> dict = new SortedDictionary<int, string>(); dict.Add(11, "張三"); dict.Add(1, "李四"); dict.Add(2, "王五"); dict.Add(16, "田六"); dict.Add(12, "趙七"); foreach (KeyValuePair<int, String> item in dict) { Console.WriteLine("key=" + item.Key.ToString() + ";value=" + item.Value); } Console.Read(); } } }
七、集
集(Set):包含不重復元素,常用HashSet,SortedSet
[Serializable] [DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")] [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(HashSetDebugView<>))] public class HashSet<T> : ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback, ISet<T>, ICollection<T>, IEnumerable<T>, IEnumerable
[Serializable] [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(SortedSetDebugView<>))] [DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")] public class SortedSet<T> : ISet<T>, ICollection<T>, IEnumerable<T>, ICollection, IEnumerable, ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { public class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { HashSet<String> hSet = new HashSet<string>(); hSet.Add("張三"); hSet.Add("李四"); hSet.Add("王五"); hSet.Add("田六"); hSet.Add("趙七"); foreach (String item in hSet) { Console.WriteLine("foreach迭代:" + item); } Console.Read(); } } }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { public class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { SortedSet<String> hSet = new SortedSet<string>(); hSet.Add("張三"); hSet.Add("李四"); hSet.Add("王五"); hSet.Add("田六"); hSet.Add("趙七"); foreach (String item in hSet) { Console.WriteLine("foreach迭代:" + item); } Console.Read(); } } }
性能比較:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------