MVC實戰起步（一）：一個簡易框架的搭建，mvc實戰
一：引言
這僅僅是一個新手寫給新手共同入門的博文！這是一個使用MVC，和一些主流框架（Autofac,Log4Net等）來完成的一個簡單的項目。和各位學習MVC的朋友們一起學習。
二：項目分層
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如左圖所示，先建好文件夾，然後再來填充內容。
一：Zero,MVC4.0項目
二：Domain: Abstract倉儲類接口，Concrete倉儲類實現，Entities實體模型
三：Infrastructure：基礎設施
四：IOC：主要用於解耦倉儲類接口
三：Infrastructure層建設
首先，從最底層寫起：
第一步，寫一個操作數據庫的類
我這邊采用的是底層使用ADO.NET，通過泛型約束和反射來實現一個簡單的ORM
1：先在Conntion裡面放一個SQLHelper類（找個自己熟悉的），這裡就不做工廠了。怎麼簡單怎麼來，先讓東西跑起來
2：寫個屬於自己的ORM類：我們先來想想，如果不考慮存儲過程（返回集合，直接LINQ處理數據），我們需要什麼東西來拼接SQL語句，首先，要有表名，然後主鍵，然後各個字段名稱，其他的先不考慮，現在寫一個IDateBase抽象類來約束實體類，往Infrastructure層的IBase文件夾裡新建一個IDateBase抽象類，代碼如下：
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namespace Zero.Infrastructure.IBase
{
public abstract class IDataBase
{
public virtual string TableName { get; set; }
public virtual int ID { get; set; }
}
}
abstract class IDataBase
這樣就解決了表名和主鍵名稱在用泛型的時候，取不到的問題了，但是字段名稱不行啊，每個表的字段都不一樣，所以最後還是要用到反射，寫一個特性來反射，在Infrastructure層的Attributes文件夾下面建立一個類DataFieldAttribute
代碼如下：
namespace Zero.Infrastructure.Attributes
{
public class DataFieldAttribute : Attribute
{
private string _FieldName;
public DataFieldAttribute(string fieldname)
{
this._FieldName = fieldname;
}
public string FieldName
{
get { return this._FieldName; }
set { this._FieldName = value; }
}
}
}
完事具備，我們先寫一個實體類，然後開始寫ORM
實體裡建立在Domain的Entities文件夾下面，記得Domain層要引用Infrastructure層
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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Zero.Infrastructure.Attributes;
using Zero.Infrastructure.IBase;
namespace Zero.Domain.Entities
{
public class User: IDataBase
{
public User()
{
TableName = "User";
}
private string _TableName;
public override string TableName
{
get
{
if (_TableName == null)
{ return "User"; }
else { return _TableName; }
}
set { _TableName = value; }
}
public override int ID { get; set; }
[DataFieldAttribute("UserName")]
public string UserName { get; set; }
}
}
View Code
代碼如上
現在開始寫自己的ORM類
在Infrastructure層的Conntion文件夾下面建立一個ZeroORM類，ORM需要實現的功能有：查詢，添加，更改，刪除，4個基本功能
public class ZeroORMwhere<T> where T : IBase.IDataBase
{
public string SqlConnctionString { get; set; }
public SqlConnection conn { get; set; }
public SqlTransaction tran { get; set; }
}
然後增加查詢方法：
/// <summary>
/// 獲得實體T所有數據
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<T> Select(T t)
{
List<T> list = new List<T>();
string sql = "select * from " + t.TableName + " WITH (NOLOCK) order by id desc";
DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(SqlConnctionString, CommandType.Text, sql);
for (int i = 0; i < ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count; i++)
{
list.Add(DataSetToEntity.DsToEntity<T>(ds, i));
}
return list;
}
DataSetToEntity這個類就是網上找的Dataset轉實體的方法，大家可以網上找下，最後返回一個List集合
然後是添加方法
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/// <summary>
/// 插入新數據
/// </summary>
/// <param name="t">實體類</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public int Insert(T t)
{
try
{
Type mytype = t.GetType();
// 獲取類的所有公共屬性
System.Reflection.PropertyInfo[] pInfo = mytype.GetProperties();
string FieldName = "";//字段名稱
string Values = "";//值
StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder();
List<SqlParameter> paras = new List<SqlParameter>();//不定參集合，防注入
sql.Append("Insert into ");
sql.Append(mytype.Name);//數據庫表名，可以放t.TableName
sql.Append("(");
object[] objDataFieldAttribute = null;
foreach (System.Reflection.PropertyInfo pio in pInfo)
{
objDataFieldAttribute = pio.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DataFieldAttribute), false);
if (objDataFieldAttribute != null && objDataFieldAttribute.Length > 0)
{
FieldName += ((DataFieldAttribute)objDataFieldAttribute[0]).FieldName + ",";//給字段賦值
Values += "@" + ((DataFieldAttribute)objDataFieldAttribute[0]).FieldName + ",";//給對應字段的值賦值
paras.Add(new SqlParameter("@" + ((DataFieldAttribute)objDataFieldAttribute[0]).FieldName, pio.GetValue(t, null)));//添加不定參
}
}
FieldName = FieldName.TrimEnd(',');
Values = Values.TrimEnd(',');
sql.Append(FieldName);
sql.Append(") VAlUES (");
sql.Append(Values);
sql.Append(")");
int i = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnctionString, CommandType.Text, sql.ToString(), paras.ToArray());
return i;
}
catch (Exception)
{
return -1;
throw;
}
}
View Code
還有修改和刪除方法，以及帶事務的方法，一起貼出來。
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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
using Zero.Infrastructure.Attributes;
using Zero.Infrastructure.Utilities;
namespace Zero.Infrastructure.Conntion
{
public class ZeroORM<T> where T : IBase.IDataBase
{
public string SqlConnctionString { get; set; }
public SqlConnection conn { get; set; }
public SqlTransaction tran { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 獲得實體T所有數據
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public List<T> Select(T t)
{
List<T> list = new List<T>();
string sql = "select * from [" + t.TableName + "] WITH (NOLOCK) order by id desc"; //出於性能考慮，不用反射來獲取表名
DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(SqlConnctionString, CommandType.Text, sql);
for (int i = 0; i < ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count; i++)
{
list.Add(DataSetToEntity.DsToEntity<T>(ds, i));
}
return list;
}
/// <summary>
/// 根據主鍵ID獲取數據（一條）
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id"></param>
/// <param name="TableName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public T SelectByID(int id, T t)
{
string sql = "select * from [" + t.TableName + "] WITH (NOLOCK) where ID=@ID"; //出於性能考慮，不用反射來獲取表名
DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(SqlConnctionString, CommandType.Text, sql, new SqlParameter("@ID", id));
t = DataSetToEntity.DsToEntity<T>(ds, 0);
PropertyInfo[] prop = t.GetType().GetProperties();
return t;
}
/// <summary>
/// 插入新數據
/// </summary>
/// <param name="t">實體類</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public int Insert(T t)
{
try
{
Type mytype = t.GetType();
// 獲取類的所有公共屬性
System.Reflection.PropertyInfo[] pInfo = mytype.GetProperties();
string FieldName = "";//字段名稱
string Values = "";//值
StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder();
List<SqlParameter> paras = new List<SqlParameter>();
sql.Append("Insert into [");
sql.Append(mytype.Name);//數據庫表名
sql.Append("](");
object[] objDataFieldAttribute = null;
foreach (System.Reflection.PropertyInfo pio in pInfo)
{
objDataFieldAttribute = pio.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DataFieldAttribute), false);
if (objDataFieldAttribute != null && objDataFieldAttribute.Length > 0)
{
FieldName += ((DataFieldAttribute)objDataFieldAttribute[0]).FieldName + ",";
Values += "@" + ((DataFieldAttribute)objDataFieldAttribute[0]).FieldName + ",";
paras.Add(new SqlParameter("@" + ((DataFieldAttribute)objDataFieldAttribute[0]).FieldName, pio.GetValue(t, null)));
}
}
FieldName = FieldName.TrimEnd(',');
Values = Values.TrimEnd(',');
sql.Append(FieldName);
sql.Append(") VAlUES (");
sql.Append(Values);
sql.Append(")");
int i = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnctionString, CommandType.Text, sql.ToString(), paras.ToArray());
return i;
}
catch (Exception)
{
return -1;
throw;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 更新數據
/// </summary>
/// <param name="t">需更新的實體類</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public int Update(T t)
{
try
{
int i = 0;
int primarykey = t.ID;
T oldT = t;
Type mytype = t.GetType();
System.Reflection.PropertyInfo[] pInfo = mytype.GetProperties();
oldT = SelectByID(primarykey, oldT);//獲得原始值，為日志做准備
if (t != oldT)
{
string SetValue = "";//字段名稱
string Where = " where ID=@ID";//值
StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder();
List<SqlParameter> paras = new List<SqlParameter>();
sql.Append("Update [");
sql.Append(mytype.Name);
sql.Append("] Set ");
object[] objDataFieldAttribute = null;
foreach (System.Reflection.PropertyInfo pio in pInfo)
{
objDataFieldAttribute = pio.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DataFieldAttribute), false);
if (objDataFieldAttribute != null && objDataFieldAttribute.Length > 0 && pio.GetValue(t, null).ToString() != pio.GetValue(oldT, null).ToString())
{
SetValue += ((DataFieldAttribute)objDataFieldAttribute[0]).FieldName + "=" + "@" + ((DataFieldAttribute)objDataFieldAttribute[0]).FieldName + ",";
paras.Add(new SqlParameter("@" + ((DataFieldAttribute)objDataFieldAttribute[0]).FieldName, pio.GetValue(t, null)));
}
}
SetValue = SetValue.TrimEnd(',');
sql.Append(SetValue);
sql.Append(Where);
paras.Add(new SqlParameter("@ID", primarykey));
i = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnctionString, CommandType.Text, sql.ToString(), paras.ToArray());
return i;
}
else
{
return -2;
}
}
catch (Exception)
{
return -1;
throw;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 刪除數據
/// </summary>
/// <param name="t"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public int Delete(T t)
{
int i = 0;
int primarykey = t.ID;
Type mytype = t.GetType();
string TableName = mytype.Name;
string Where = " where ID =@ID";
string sql = "DELETE FROM " + TableName + Where;
try
{
i = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(SqlConnctionString, CommandType.Text, sql, new SqlParameter("@ID", primarykey));
return i;
}
catch (Exception)
{
return -1;
throw;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 開始事務
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public void BeginTran()
{
try
{
conn = new SqlConnection(SqlConnctionString);
conn.Open();
tran = conn.BeginTransaction();
}
catch (Exception)
{
tran.Rollback();
conn.Close();
throw;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 帶事務的插入方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="t"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public int InsertByTran(T t)
{
try
{
Type mytype = t.GetType();
// 獲取類的所有公共屬性
System.Reflection.PropertyInfo[] pInfo = mytype.GetProperties();
string FieldName = "";//字段名稱
string Values = "";//值
StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder();
List<SqlParameter> paras = new List<SqlParameter>();
sql.Append("Insert into [");
sql.Append(mytype.Name);//數據庫表名
sql.Append("](");
object[] objDataFieldAttribute = null;
foreach (System.Reflection.PropertyInfo pio in pInfo)
{
objDataFieldAttribute = pio.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DataFieldAttribute), false);
if (objDataFieldAttribute != null && objDataFieldAttribute.Length > 0)
{
FieldName += ((DataFieldAttribute)objDataFieldAttribute[0]).FieldName + ",";
Values += "@" + ((DataFieldAttribute)objDataFieldAttribute[0]).FieldName + ",";
paras.Add(new SqlParameter("@" + ((DataFieldAttribute)objDataFieldAttribute[0]).FieldName, pio.GetValue(t, null)));
}
}
FieldName = FieldName.TrimEnd(',');
Values = Values.TrimEnd(',');
sql.Append(FieldName);
sql.Append(") VAlUES (");
sql.Append(Values);
sql.Append(")");
int i = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(tran, CommandType.Text, sql.ToString(), paras.ToArray());
return i;
}
catch (Exception)
{
tran.Rollback();
return -1;
throw;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 帶事務的更新方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="t"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public int UpdateByTran(T t)
{
try
{
int i = 0;
int primarykey = t.ID;
T oldT = t;
Type mytype = t.GetType();
System.Reflection.PropertyInfo[] pInfo = mytype.GetProperties();
oldT = SelectByID(primarykey, oldT);//獲得原始值，為日志做准備
if (t != oldT)
{
string SetValue = "";//字段名稱
string Where = " where ID=@ID";//值
StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder();
List<SqlParameter> paras = new List<SqlParameter>();
sql.Append("Update [");
sql.Append(mytype.Name);
sql.Append("] Set ");
object[] objDataFieldAttribute = null;
foreach (System.Reflection.PropertyInfo pio in pInfo)
{
objDataFieldAttribute = pio.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DataFieldAttribute), false);
if (objDataFieldAttribute != null && objDataFieldAttribute.Length > 0 && pio.GetValue(t, null).ToString() != pio.GetValue(oldT, null).ToString())
{
SetValue += ((DataFieldAttribute)objDataFieldAttribute[0]).FieldName + "=" + "@" + ((DataFieldAttribute)objDataFieldAttribute[0]).FieldName + ",";
paras.Add(new SqlParameter("@" + ((DataFieldAttribute)objDataFieldAttribute[0]).FieldName, pio.GetValue(t, null)));
}
}
SetValue = SetValue.TrimEnd(',');
sql.Append(SetValue);
sql.Append(Where);
paras.Add(new SqlParameter("@ID", primarykey));
i = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(tran, CommandType.Text, sql.ToString(), paras.ToArray());
return i;
}
else
{
tran.Rollback();
return -2;
}
}
catch (Exception)
{
tran.Rollback();
return -1;
throw;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 帶事務的刪除方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="t"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public int DeleteByTran(T t)
{
int i = 0;
int primarykey = t.ID;
Type mytype = t.GetType();
string TableName = mytype.Name;
string Where = "] where ID =@ID";
string sql = "DELETE FROM [" + TableName + Where;
try
{
i = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(tran, CommandType.Text, sql, new SqlParameter("@ID", primarykey));
return i;
}
catch (Exception)
{
tran.Rollback();
return -1;
throw;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 帶事務和條件的刪除方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="t"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public int DeleteByTran(T t, string where)
{
if (where.IndexOf("1=1") > 0)
{
return -1;
}
int i = 0;
string Where = "] where " + where;
string sql = "DELETE FROM [" + t.TableName + Where;
try
{
i = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(tran, CommandType.Text, sql, null);
return i;
}
catch (Exception)
{
tran.Rollback();
return -1;
throw;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 提交事務
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public void CommitTran()
{
try
{
tran.Commit();
conn.Close();
}
catch (Exception)
{
tran.Rollback();
conn.Close();
throw;
}
finally
{
tran.Dispose();
conn.Dispose();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 回滾事務
/// </summary>
public void RollBackTran()
{
try
{
tran.Rollback();
}
catch (Exception)
{
throw;
}
}
}
}
View Code
好了，整個ORM就寫完了，這樣我們數據處理的類就寫完了！
三：Domain層
ORM寫完後，因為不同的表可能在不同的庫中，所以ZeroORM還不能直接拿來用，需要在上面隔離一層，我們這裡選擇最簡單的方式，大牛勿噴。
首先寫一個Repository基類（這裡就不抽象類了），代碼如下
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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Zero.Domain.Abstract;
using Zero.Infrastructure.IBase;
namespace Zero.Domain.Concrete
{
public class ConcreteBase<T> where T : IDataBase
{
public Zero.Infrastructure.Conntion.ZeroORM<T> DbHelper;
public ConcreteBase()
{
DbHelper = new Infrastructure.Conntion.ZeroORM<T>();
}
public string SqlConnctionString { get { return DbHelper.SqlConnctionString; } set { DbHelper.SqlConnctionString = value; } }
public List<T> GetAllList(T t)
{
List<T> ubiList = new List<T>();
ubiList = DbHelper.Select(t);
return ubiList;
}
public bool Insert(T t)
{
int i = 0;
i = DbHelper.Insert(t);
return i > 0;
}
public bool Update(T t)
{
int i = 0;
i = DbHelper.Update(t);
return i > 0;
}
public bool Delete(T t)
{
int i = 0;
i = DbHelper.Delete(t);
return i > 0;
}
/// <summary>
/// 帶事務的插入方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="t"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool InsertByTran(T t)
{
if (DbHelper.tran == null)
{
DbHelper.BeginTran();
}
int i = DbHelper.InsertByTran(t);
return i > 0;
}
/// <summary>
/// 帶事務的更新方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="t"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool UpdateByTran(T t)
{
if (DbHelper.tran == null)
{
DbHelper.BeginTran();
}
int i = DbHelper.UpdateByTran(t);
return i > 0;
}
/// <summary>
/// 帶事務的刪除方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="t"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool DeleteByTran(T t)
{
if (DbHelper.tran == null)
{
DbHelper.BeginTran();
}
int i = DbHelper.DeleteByTran(t);
return i > 0;
}
/// <summary>
/// 帶事務和條件的刪除方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="t"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool DeleteByTran(T t, string where)
{
if (DbHelper.tran == null)
{
DbHelper.BeginTran();
}
int i = DbHelper.DeleteByTran(t, where);
return i > 0;
}
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="t"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public void RollBackTran()
{
DbHelper.RollBackTran();
}
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="t"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public void BeginTran()
{
DbHelper.BeginTran();
}
/// <summary>
/// 提交事務 提交成功返回"";失敗返回錯誤信息
/// </summary>
/// <returns>提交成功返回"";失敗返回錯誤信息</returns>
public string CommitTran()
{
if (DbHelper.tran != null)
{
try
{
DbHelper.CommitTran();
return "";
}
catch (Exception e)
{
return e.ToString();
throw;
}
}
else
{
return "不存在可提交的事務";
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 根據主鍵ID查詢結果，返回T
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public T SelectByID(string id, T t)
{
if (id != "")
{
return DbHelper.SelectByID(int.Parse(id), t);
}
else
{
return null;
}
}
}
}
View Code
然後去寫Repository類和IRepository接口
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Zero.Domain.Entities;
namespace Zero.Domain.Abstract
{
public interface IUserRepository
{
User GetEntity();
IQueryable<User> Users { get; }
}
}
實現類：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Zero.Domain.Abstract;
using Zero.Domain.Entities;
namespace Zero.Domain.Concrete
{
public class UserRepository : ConcreteBase<User>, IUserRepository
{
public User GetEntity()
{
return new User();
}
public IQueryable<User> BaseTitleTypes
{
get { return GetAllList(GetEntity()).AsQueryable(); }
}
public UserRepository()
: base()
{
SqlConnctionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ZeroTest"].ConnectionString;//獲取連接字符串
}
}
}
然後去數據庫建表
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//
// GET: /Index/
public ActionResult Index()
{
UserRepository us = new UserRepository();
bool b =us.Insert(new Domain.Entities.User { UserName = "Ambre" });
if (b)
{
var ListEntity = from o in us.Users
select o;
return Json(ListEntity, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
}
else
{
return Content(b.ToString());
}
}
然後去改下路由設置
啟動項目
好了，完成！下篇文章將寫如何快速的將IOC應用到項目中，然後前端類似於EasyUi的grid控件如何編寫。
謝謝大家，喜歡的話，點個贊，這可是我的處女文呢！
