c#中類型分為值類型和引用類型,值類型對象賦值是本身就是賦的自身的一個副本,而引用類型賦值時則賦的是指向堆上的內存,假如我們不想賦這個地址而想將對象賦過去要怎麼做呢?首先要知道拷貝分為淺表拷貝和深層拷貝,淺表拷貝得到一個新的實例,一個與原始對象類型相同、值類型字段相同的拷貝。但是,如果字段是引用類型的,則拷貝的是該引用, 而不是的對象。若想將引用字段的對象也拷貝過去,則稱為深拷貝。 為了實現拷貝,本文總結了以下幾種方法。 1.首先就是最笨的方法,傳說中的“人工拷貝”,就是將引用裡的所有值對象和具有值特征的string對象一一賦給新對象,這種方式代碼量過大而且維護起來相當麻煩,所以能不用就不用。 2.System.Object提供了受保護的方法 MemberwiseClone,可用來實現“淺表”拷貝。由於該方法標記為“受保護”級別,因此,我們只能在繼承類或該類內部才能訪問該方法。 復制代碼 public class A { public string rr { get; set; } public string tt { get; set; } public A ShallowCopy() { return (A)this.MemberwiseClone(); } } 復制代碼 3.使用序列化與反序列化的方式,這種方式雖可實現深度拷貝,但有點大炮打蚊子的味道,而且在外面引用時一定要記得關閉所創建的MemoryStream流 復制代碼 public static object Clone(object o,out MemoryStream ms) { BinaryFormatter bf = new BinaryFormatter(); ms = new MemoryStream(); bf.Serialize(ms,o); ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin); return bf.Deserialize(ms); } 復制代碼 4.在一個外國人寫的博客中(http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/3441/Base-class-for-cloning-an-object-in-C),使用反射的方法來解決了這個問題。他寫了一個BaseObject類,如果我們繼承這個類就可以實現深度拷貝,下面是他的實現方法: 創建一個實現 ICloneable 接口的有默認行為的抽象類,所謂的默認行為就是使用以下庫函數來拷貝類裡的每一個字段。 1.遍歷類裡的每個字段,看看是否支持ICloneable接口。 2.如果不支持ICloneable接口,按下面規則進行設置,也就是說如果字段是個值類型,那將其拷貝,如果是引用類型則拷貝字段指向通一個對象。 3.如果支持ICloneable,在科隆對象中使用它的克隆方法進行設置。 4.如果字段支持IEnumerable接口,需要看看它是否支持IList或者IDirectionary接口,如果支持,迭代集合看看是否支持ICloneable接口。 我們所要做的就是使得所有字段支持ICloneable接口。 下面是測試結果: 復制代碼 public class MyClass : BaseObject { public string myStr =”test”; public int id; } public class MyContainer : BaseObject { public string name = “test2”; public MyClass[] myArray= new MyClass[5]; public class MyContainer() { for(int i=0 ; i<5 ; i++) { this.myArray[I] = new MyClass(); } } } 復制代碼 復制代碼 static void Main(string[] args) { MyContainer con1 = new MyContainer(); MyContainer con2 = (MyContainer)con1.Clone(); con2.myArray[0].id = 5; } 復制代碼 con2中MyClass實例中第一個元素變成了5,但con1沒有改變,即實現了深拷貝。 BaseObject的實現: 復制代碼 /// <summary> /// BaseObject class is an abstract class for you to derive from. /// Every class that will be dirived from this class will support the /// Clone method automaticly.<br> /// The class implements the interface ICloneable and there /// for every object that will be derived <br> /// from this object will support the ICloneable interface as well. /// </summary> public abstract class BaseObject : ICloneable { /// <summary> /// Clone the object, and returning a reference to a cloned object. /// </summary> /// <returns>Reference to the new cloned /// object.</returns> public object Clone() { //First we create an instance of this specific type. object newObject = Activator.CreateInstance( this.GetType() ); //We get the array of fields for the new type instance. FieldInfo[] fields = newObject.GetType().GetFields(); int i = 0; foreach( FieldInfo fi in this.GetType().GetFields() ) { //We query if the fiels support the ICloneable interface. Type ICloneType = fi.FieldType. GetInterface( "ICloneable" , true ); if( ICloneType != null ) { //Getting the ICloneable interface from the object. ICloneable IClone = (ICloneable)fi.GetValue(this); //We use the clone method to set the new value to the field. fields[i].SetValue( newObject , IClone.Clone() ); } else { // If the field doesn't support the ICloneable // interface then just set it. fields[i].SetValue( newObject , fi.GetValue(this) ); } //Now we check if the object support the //IEnumerable interface, so if it does //we need to enumerate all its items and check if //they support the ICloneable interface. Type IEnumerableType = fi.FieldType.GetInterface ( "IEnumerable" , true ); if( IEnumerableType != null ) { //Get the IEnumerable interface from the field. IEnumerable IEnum = (IEnumerable)fi.GetValue(this); //This version support the IList and the //IDictionary interfaces to iterate on collections. Type IListType = fields[i].FieldType.GetInterface ( "IList" , true ); Type IDicType = fields[i].FieldType.GetInterface ( "IDictionary" , true ); int j = 0; if( IListType != null ) { //Getting the IList interface. IList list = (IList)fields[i].GetValue(newObject); foreach( object obj in IEnum ) { //Checking to see if the current item //support the ICloneable interface. ICloneType = obj.GetType(). GetInterface( "ICloneable" , true ); if( ICloneType != null ) { //If it does support the ICloneable interface, //we use it to set the clone of //the object in the list. ICloneable clone = (ICloneable)obj; list[j] = clone.Clone(); } //NOTE: If the item in the list is not //support the ICloneable interface then in the //cloned list this item will be the same //item as in the original list //(as long as this type is a reference type). j++; } } else if( IDicType != null ) { //Getting the dictionary interface. IDictionary dic = (IDictionary)fields[i]. GetValue(newObject); j = 0; foreach( DictionaryEntry de in IEnum ) { //Checking to see if the item //support the ICloneable interface. ICloneType = de.Value.GetType(). GetInterface( "ICloneable" , true ); if( ICloneType != null ) { ICloneable clone = (ICloneable)de.Value; dic[de.Key] = clone.Clone(); } j++; } } } i++; } return newObject; } } 復制代碼 浮躁的人容易問:我到底該學什麼;----別問,學就對了; 浮躁的人容易問:JS有錢途嗎;----建議你去搶銀行; 浮躁的人容易說:我要中文版!我英文不行!----不行?學呀! 浮躁的人分兩種:只觀望而不學的人;只學而不堅持的人; 浮躁的人永遠不是一個高手。