在 C# 中,結構是值類型數據結構。它使得一個單一變量可以存儲各種數據類型的相關數據。struct 關鍵字用於創建結構。
結構是用來代表一個記錄。假設您想跟蹤圖書館中書的動態。您可能想跟蹤每本書的以下屬性:
為了定義一個結構,您必須使用 struct 語句。struct 語句為程序定義了一個帶有多個成員的新的數據類型。
例如,您可以按照如下的方式聲明 Book 結構:
struct Books { public string title; public string author; public string subject; public int book_id; };
下面的程序演示了結構的用法:
using System; struct Books { public string title; public string author; public string subject; public int book_id; }; public class testStructure { public static void Main(string[] args) { Books Book1; /* 聲明 Book1,類型為 Book */ Books Book2; /* 聲明 Book2,類型為 Book */ /* book 1 詳述 */ Book1.title = "C Programming"; Book1.author = "Nuha Ali"; Book1.subject = "C Programming Tutorial"; Book1.book_id = 6495407; /* book 2 詳述 */ Book2.title = "Telecom Billing"; Book2.author = "Zara Ali"; Book2.subject = "Telecom Billing Tutorial"; Book2.book_id = 6495700; /* 打印 Book1 信息 */ Console.WriteLine( "Book 1 title : {0}", Book1.title); Console.WriteLine("Book 1 author : {0}", Book1.author); Console.WriteLine("Book 1 subject : {0}", Book1.subject); Console.WriteLine("Book 1 book_id :{0}", Book1.book_id); /* 打印 Book2 信息 */ Console.WriteLine("Book 2 title : {0}", Book2.title); Console.WriteLine("Book 2 author : {0}", Book2.author); Console.WriteLine("Book 2 subject : {0}", Book2.subject); Console.WriteLine("Book 2 book_id : {0}", Book2.book_id); Console.ReadKey(); } }
當上面的代碼被編譯和執行時,它會產生下列結果:
Book 1 title : C Programming Book 1 author : Nuha Ali Book 1 subject : C Programming Tutorial Book 1 book_id : 6495407 Book 2 title : Telecom Billing Book 2 author : Zara Ali Book 2 subject : Telecom Billing Tutorial Book 2 book_id : 6495700
您已經用了一個簡單的名為 Books 的結構。在 C# 中的結構與傳統的 C 或 C++ 中的結構不同。C# 中的結構有一下特點:
類和結構有以下幾個基本的不同點:
針對上述討論,讓我們重寫前面的實例:
using System; struct Books { private string title; private string author; private string subject; private int book_id; public void getValues(string t, string a, string s, int id) { title = t; author = a; subject = s; book_id = id; } public void display() { Console.WriteLine("Title : {0}", title); Console.WriteLine("Author : {0}", author); Console.WriteLine("Subject : {0}", subject); Console.WriteLine("Book_id :{0}", book_id); } }; public class testStructure { public static void Main(string[] args) { Books Book1 = new Books(); /* 聲明 Book1,類型為 Book */ Books Book2 = new Books(); /* 聲明 Book2,類型為 Book */ /* book 1 詳述 */ Book1.getValues("C Programming", "Nuha Ali", "C Programming Tutorial",6495407); /* book 2 詳述 */ Book2.getValues("Telecom Billing", "Zara Ali", "Telecom Billing Tutorial", 6495700); /* 打印 Book1 信息 */ Book1.display(); /* 打印 Book2 信息 */ Book2.display(); Console.ReadKey(); } }
當上面的代碼被編譯和執行時,它會產生下列結果:
Title : C Programming Author : Nuha Ali Subject : C Programming Tutorial Book_id : 6495407 Title : Telecom Billing Author : Zara Ali Subject : Telecom Billing Tutorial Book_id : 6495700