返回“設計模式(C#)系列文章索引”
介紹
將一個請求封裝為一個對象,從而使你可用不同的請求對客戶進行參數化;對請求排隊或記錄請求日志,以及支持可取消的操作。
示例
有一個Message實體類,某個類對它的操作有Insert()和Delete()方法。現在要求可以對之前的所有操作做撤銷和重復。
MessageModel
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace Pattern.Command
{
/**//// <summary>
/// Message實體類
/// </summary>
public class MessageModel
{
/**//// <summary>
/// 構造函數
/// </summary>
/// <param name="msg">Message內容</param>
/// <param name="pt">Message發布時間</param>
public MessageModel(string msg, DateTime pt)
{
this._message = msg;
this._publishTime = pt;
}
private string _message;
/**//// <summary>
/// Message內容
/// </summary>
public string Message
{
get { return _message; }
set { _message = value; }
}
private DateTime _publishTime;
/**//// <summary>
/// Message發布時間
/// </summary>
public DateTime PublishTime
{
get { return _publishTime; }
set { _publishTime = value; }
}
}
}
Action
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace Pattern.Command
{
/**//// <summary>
/// enum
/// 定義操作的兩種方法Insert和Delete
/// </summary>
public enum Action
{
/**//// <summary>
/// Insert
/// </summary>
Insert,
/**//// <summary>
/// Delete
/// </summary>
Delete
}
}
SqlMessage
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace Pattern.Command
{
/**//// <summary>
/// 接收者(Receiver)角色
/// Sql方式操作Message
/// </summary>
public class SqlMessage
{
/**//// <summary>
/// 操作
/// </summary>
/// <param name="action">操作的方法</param>
/// <param name="mm">Message實體對象</param>
public void Operation(Action action, MessageModel mm)
{
switch (action)
{
case Action.Insert :
Insert(mm);
break;
case Action.Delete :
Delete(mm);
break;
}
}
/**//// <summary>
/// 插入Message
/// </summary>
/// <param name="mm">Message實體對象</param>
private void Insert(MessageModel mm)
{
// 代碼略
}
/**//// <summary>
/// 刪除Message
/// </summary>
/// <param name="mm">Message實體對象</param>
private void Delete(MessageModel mm)
{
// 代碼略
}
}
}
ICommand
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace Pattern.Command
{
/**//// <summary>
/// 命令(Command)角色
/// </summary>
public interface ICommand
{
/**//// <summary>
/// 執行
/// </summary>
/// <returns>操作的方法及操作的信息</returns>
string Execute();
/**//// <summary>
/// 取消執行
/// </summary>
/// <returns>操作的方法及操作的信息</returns>
string UnExecute();
}
}
SqlMessageCommand
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace Pattern.Command
{
/**//// <summary>
/// 具體命令(ConcreteCommand)角色
/// </summary>
public class SqlMessageCommand : ICommand
{
/**//// <summary>
/// 操作的方法
/// </summary>
private Action _action;
/**//// <summary>
/// Message實體對象
/// </summary>
private MessageModel _mm;
/**//// <summary>
/// 構造函數
/// </summary>
/// <param name="action">操作的方法</param>
/// <param name="mm">Message實體對象</param>
public SqlMessageCommand(Action action, MessageModel mm)
{
this._action = action;
this._mm = mm;
}
/**//// <summary>
/// 執行
/// </summary>
/// <returns>操作的方法及操作的信息</returns>
public string Execute()
{
new SqlMessage().Operation(_action, _mm);
return _action.ToString() + ":" + _mm.Message;
}
/**//// <summary>
/// 取消執行(調用一個方法,以決定取消執行的算法)
/// </summary>
/// <returns>操作的方法及操作的信息</returns>
public string UnExecute()
{
_action = GetUndoAction(_action);
new SqlMessage().Operation(_action, _mm);
return _action.ToString() + ":" + _mm.Message;
}
/**//// <summary>
/// 獲得取消執行的算法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="action">操作的方法</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private Action GetUndoAction(Action action)
{
Action undo;
switch (action)
{
case Action.Insert :
undo = Action.Delete;
break;
case Action.Delete :
undo = Action.Insert;
break;
// 這句沒啥用
default :
undo = Action.Insert;
break;
}
return undo;
}
}
}
Message
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace Pattern.Command
{
/**//// <summary>
/// 請求者(Invoker)角色
/// </summary>
public class Message
{
/**//// <summary>
/// 命令集合(保存每次操作)
/// </summary>
private List<ICommand> _listCommand = new List<ICommand>();
/**//// <summary>
/// 命令集合中當前要執行的命令的索引
/// </summary>
private int current = 0;
/**//// <summary>
/// 執行Sql
/// </summary>
/// <param name="action">操作的方法</param>
/// <param name="mm">Message實體對象</param>
/// <returns>操作的方法及操作的信息</returns>
public string Do(Action action, MessageModel mm)
{
string rtn = "";
ICommand cmd = new SqlMessageCommand(action, mm);
rtn = cmd.Execute();
_listCommand.Add(cmd);
current++;
return rtn;
}
/**//// <summary>
/// 撤銷
/// </summary>
/// <param name="levels">執行撤銷操作的次數</param>
/// <returns>操作的方法及操作的信息(用空格分開多條記錄)</returns>
public string Undo(int levels)
{
string rtn = "";
for (int i = 0; i < levels; i++)
{
if (current > 0)
{
ICommand cmd = _listCommand[--current];
rtn += cmd.UnExecute() + " ";
}
}
return rtn;
}
/**//// <summary>
/// 重復
/// </summary>
/// <param name="levels">執行重復操作的次數</param>
/// <returns>操作的方法及操作的信息(用空格分開多條記錄)</returns>
public string Redo(int levels)
{
string rtn = "";
for (int i = 0; i < levels; i++)
{
if (current < _listCommand.Count - 1)
{
ICommand cmd = _listCommand[current++];
rtn += cmd.UnExecute() + " ";
}
}
return rtn;
}
}
}
client
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using Pattern.Command;
public partial class Command : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Message m = new Message();
Response.Write("操作");
Response.Write("<br />");
Response.Write(m.Do(Action.Insert, new MessageModel("第1條", DateTime.Now)));
Response.Write("<br />");
Response.Write(m.Do(Action.Insert, new MessageModel("第2條", DateTime.Now)));
Response.Write("<br />");
Response.Write(m.Do(Action.Insert, new MessageModel("第3條", DateTime.Now)));
Response.Write("<br />");
Response.Write(m.Do(Action.Insert, new MessageModel("第4條", DateTime.Now)));
Response.Write("<br />");
Response.Write(m.Do(Action.Delete, new MessageModel("第2條", DateTime.Now)));
Response.Write("<br />");
Response.Write(m.Do(Action.Insert, new MessageModel("第5條", DateTime.Now)));
Response.Write("<br />");
Response.Write(m.Do(Action.Delete, new MessageModel("第3條", DateTime.Now)));
Response.Write("<br />");
Response.Write(m.Do(Action.Insert, new MessageModel("第6條", DateTime.Now)));
Response.Write("<br />");
Response.Write(m.Do(Action.Insert, new MessageModel("第7條", DateTime.Now)));
Response.Write("<br />");
Response.Write("<br />");
Response.Write("撤銷4次操作");
Response.Write("<br />");
Response.Write(m.Undo(4));
Response.Write("<br />");
Response.Write("<br />");
Response.Write("重復2次操作");
Response.Write("<br />");
Response.Write(m.Redo(2));
Response.Write("<br />");
Response.Write("<br />");
Response.Write("撤銷3次操作");
Response.Write("<br />");
Response.Write(m.Undo(3));
}
}
運行結果
操作
Insert:第1條
Insert:第2條
Insert:第3條
Insert:第4條
Delete:第2條
Insert:第5條
Delete:第3條
Insert:第6條
Insert:第7條
撤銷4次操作
Delete:第7條 Delete:第6條 Insert:第3條 Delete:第5條
重復2次操作
Insert:第5條 Delete:第3條
撤銷3次操作
Insert:第3條 Delete:第5條 Insert:第2條
參考
http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/PatternCommand.aspx
OK