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 程式師世界 >> 編程語言 >> .NET網頁編程 >> C# >> 關於C# >> 設計模式(C#) - 觀察者模式(Observer Pattern)

設計模式(C#) - 觀察者模式(Observer Pattern)

編輯:關於C#

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介紹

定義對象間的一種一對多的依賴關系,以便當一個對象的狀態發生改變時,所有依賴於它的對象都得到通知並自動刷新。

示例

有一個Message實體類,某些對象對它的操作有Insert()方法,當發生某些改變的時候,通知所有這些對象並執行Insert()方法。

MessageModel

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Pattern.Observer
{
  /**//// <summary>
  /// Message實體類
  /// </summary>
  public class MessageModel
  {
    /**//// <summary>
    /// 構造函數
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="msg">Message內容</param>
    /// <param name="pt">Message發布時間</param>
    public MessageModel(string msg, DateTime pt)
    {
      this._message = msg;
      this._publishTime = pt;
    }

    private string _message;
    /**//// <summary>
    /// Message內容
    /// </summary>
    public string Message
    {
      get { return _message; }
      set { _message = value; }
    }

    private DateTime _publishTime;
    /**//// <summary>
    /// Message發布時間
    /// </summary>
    public DateTime PublishTime
    {
      get { return _publishTime; }
      set { _publishTime = value; }
    }
  }
}

IMessage

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Pattern.Observer
{
  /**//// <summary>
  /// 操作Message的接口(Observer)
  /// </summary>
  public interface IMessage
  {
    /**//// <summary>
    /// 插入Message
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="mm">Message實體對象</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    string Insert(MessageModel mm);
  }
}

SqlMessage

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Pattern.Observer
{
  /**//// <summary>
  /// Sql方式操作Message(ConcreteObserver)
  /// </summary>
  public class SqlMessage : IMessage
  {
    /**//// <summary>
    /// 插入Message
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="mm">Message實體對象</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public string Insert(MessageModel mm)
    {
      return "sql方式:" + mm.Message + " " + mm.PublishTime.ToString();
    }
  }
}

XmlMessage

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Pattern.Observer
{
  /**//// <summary>
  /// Xml方式操作Message(ConcreteObserver)
  /// </summary>
  public class XmlMessage : IMessage
  {
    /**//// <summary>
    /// 插入Message
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="mm">Message實體對象</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public string Insert(MessageModel mm)
    {
      return "xml方式:" + mm.Message + " " + mm.PublishTime.ToString();
    }
  }
}

AbstractMessageSubject

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Pattern.Observer
{
  /**//// <summary>
  /// 抽象Message主題(Subject)
  /// </summary>
  public abstract class AbstractMessageSubject
  {
    private MessageModel _messageModel;
    private List<IMessage> list = new List<IMessage>();

    /**//// <summary>
    /// 構造函數
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="mm">Message實體對象</param>
    public AbstractMessageSubject(MessageModel mm)
    {
      this._messageModel = mm;
    }

    /**//// <summary>
    /// 添加一個實現IMessage接口的對象
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="m">實現IMessage接口的對象</param>
    public void Attach(IMessage m)
    {
      list.Add(m);
    }

    /**//// <summary>
    /// 移除一個實現IMessage接口的對象
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="m">實現IMessage接口的對象</param>
    public void Detach(IMessage m)
    {
      list.Remove(m);
    }

    /**//// <summary>
    /// 通知所有觀察者
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public string Notify()
    {
      string s = "";
      foreach (IMessage i in list)
      {
        s += i.Insert(_messageModel);
        s += "<br />";
      }

      return s;
    }

    /**//// <summary>
    /// Message發布時間
    /// </summary>
    public DateTime PublishTime
    {
      get { return _messageModel.PublishTime; }
      set
      {
        _messageModel.PublishTime = value;
        Notify();
      }
    }
  }
}

MessageSubject

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Pattern.Observer
{
  /**//// <summary>
  /// Message主題(ConcreteSubject)
  /// </summary>
  public class MessageSubject : AbstractMessageSubject
  {
    /**//// <summary>
    /// 構造函數
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="mm">Message實體對象</param>
    public MessageSubject(MessageModel mm)
      : base(mm)
    {
    }
  }
}

Test

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;

using Pattern.Observer;

public partial class Observer : System.Web.UI.Page
{
  protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
    MessageSubject m = new MessageSubject(new MessageModel("插入Message", DateTime.Now));

    SqlMessage sqlMessage = new SqlMessage();
    XmlMessage xmlMessage = new XmlMessage();

    m.Attach(sqlMessage);
    m.Attach(xmlMessage);

    // System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
    // 修改了PublishTime就會通知所有觀察者
    // m.PublishTime = DateTime.Now;

    Response.Write(m.Notify());
  }
}

運行結果

sql方式:插入Message 2007-5-26 9:38:18

xml方式:插入Message 2007-5-26 9:38:18

參考

http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/PatternObserver.aspx

OK

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