繼承支持
LINQ to SQL 支持單表映射,其整個繼承層次結構存儲在單個數據庫表中。該表包含整個層次結構的所有可能數據列的平展聯合。(聯合是 將兩個表組合成一個表的結果,組合後的表包含任一原始表中存在的行。)每行 中不適用於該行所表示的實例類型的列為 null。
單表映射策略是最簡單 的繼承表示形式,為許多不同類別的查詢提供了良好的性能特征,如果我們要在 LINQ to SQL 中實現這種映射,必須在繼承層次結構的根類中指定屬性 (Attribute) 和屬性 (Attribute) 的屬性 (Property)。我們還可以使用O/R設 計器來映射繼承層次結構,它自動生成了代碼。
下面為了演示下面的幾 個例子,我們在O/R設計器內設計如下圖所示的類及其繼承關系。
我 們學習的時候還是看看其生成的代碼吧!
具體設置映射繼承層次結構有 如下幾步:
根類添加TableAttribute屬性。
為層次結構中的每個 類添加InheritanceMappingAttribute屬性,同樣是添加到根類中。每個 InheritanceMappingAttribute屬性,定義一個Code屬性和一個Type屬性。Code 屬性的值顯示在數據庫表的IsDiscriminator列中,用來指示該行數據所屬的類 或子類。Type屬性值指定鍵值所表示的類或子類。
僅在其中一個 InheritanceMappingAttribute屬性上,添加一個IsDefault屬性用來在數據庫表 中的鑒別器值在繼承映射中不與任何Code值匹配時指定回退映射。
為 ColumnAttribute屬性添加一個IsDiscriminator屬性來表示這是保存Code值的列 。
下面是這張圖生成的代碼的框架(由於生成的代碼太多,我刪除了很 多“枝葉”,僅僅保留了主要的框架用於指出其實質的東西):
[Table(Name = "dbo.Contacts")]
[InheritanceMapping(Code = "Unknown", Type = typeof (Contact),
IsDefault = true)]
[InheritanceMapping(Code = "Employee", Type = typeof (EmployeeContact))]
[InheritanceMapping(Code = "Supplier", Type = typeof(SupplierContact))]
[InheritanceMapping(Code = "Customer", Type = typeof (CustomerContact))]
[InheritanceMapping(Code = "Shipper", Type = typeof(ShipperContact))]
public partial class Contact :
INotifyPropertyChanging, INotifyPropertyChanged
{
[Column(Storage = "_ContactID",IsPrimaryKey = true,
IsDbGenerated = true)]
public int ContactID{ }
[Column(Storage = "_ContactType",IsDiscriminator = true)]
public string ContactType{ }
}
public abstract partial class FullContact : Contact{ }
public partial class EmployeeContact : FullContact{ }
public partial class SupplierContact : FullContact{ }
public partial class CustomerContact : FullContact{ }
public partial class ShipperContact : Contact{ }
1.一般形式
日常我們經常寫的形式,對單表查詢。
var cons = from c in db.Contacts
select c;
foreach (var con in cons) {
Console.WriteLine("Company name: {0}", con.CompanyName);
Console.WriteLine("Phone: {0}", con.Phone);
Console.WriteLine("This is a {0}", con.GetType());
}
2.OfType形式
這裡我僅僅讓其返回顧客的聯系方式。
var cons = from c in db.Contacts.OfType<CustomerContact>()
select c;
初步學習,我們還是看看生成的SQL語句,這樣容易理解。在 SQL語句中查詢了ContactType為Customer的聯系方式。
SELECT [t0].[ContactType], [t0].[ContactName], [t0].[ContactTitle],
[t0].[Address],[t0].[City], [t0].[Region], [t0].[PostalCode],
[t0].[Country], [t0].[Fax],[t0].[ContactID], [t0].[CompanyName],
[t0].[Phone] FROM [dbo].[Contacts] AS [t0]
WHERE ([t0]. [ContactType] = @p0) AND ([t0].[ContactType] IS NOT NULL)
-- @p0: Input NVarChar (Size = 8; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [Customer]
3.IS形式
這個例子查找一下發貨人的聯系方式。
var cons = from c in db.Contacts
where c is ShipperContact
select c;
生成的SQL語句 如下:查詢了ContactType為Shipper的聯系方式。大致一看好像很上面的一樣, 其實這裡查詢出來的列多了很多。實際上是Contacts表的全部字段。
SELECT [t0].[ContactType], [t0].[ContactID], [t0]. [CompanyName],
[t0].[Phone],[t0].[HomePage], [t0]. [ContactName],
[t0].[ContactTitle], [t0].[Address], [t0]. [City],
[t0].[Region], [t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Country],
[t0].[Fax],[t0].[PhotoPath], [t0].[Photo], [t0].[Extension]
FROM [dbo].[Contacts] AS [t0] WHERE ([t0].[ContactType] = @p0)
AND ([t0].[ContactType] IS NOT NULL)
-- @p0: Input NVarChar (Size = 7; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [Shipper]
4.AS形式
這個例子 就通吃了,全部查找了一番。
var cons = from c in db.Contacts
select c as FullContact;
生成 SQL語句如下:查詢整個Contacts表。
SELECT [t0]. [ContactType], [t0].[HomePage], [t0].[ContactName],
[t0]. [ContactTitle],[t0].[Address], [t0].[City],
[t0].[Region], [t0]. [PostalCode], [t0].[Country],
[t0].[Fax], [t0].[ContactID], [t0].[CompanyName],
[t0].[Phone], [t0].[PhotoPath],[t0].[Photo], [t0].[Extension]
FROM [dbo].[Contacts] AS [t0]
5.Cast形式
使用Case形式查找出在倫敦的顧客的聯系方 式。
var cons = from c in db.Contacts
where c.ContactType == "Customer" &&
((CustomerContact)c).City == "London"
select c;
生成SQL語句如下,自己可以看懂了。
SELECT [t0].[ContactType], [t0].[ContactID], [t0]. [CompanyName],
[t0].[Phone], [t0].[HomePage],[t0]. [ContactName],
[t0].[ContactTitle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region],
[t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Country], [t0].[Fax], [t0].[PhotoPath],
[t0].[Photo], [t0].[Extension]FROM [dbo]. [Contacts] AS [t0]
WHERE ([t0].[ContactType] = @p0) AND ([t0]. [City] = @p1)
-- @p0: Input NVarChar (Size = 8; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [Customer]
-- @p1: Input NVarChar (Size = 6; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [London]
6.UseAsDefault形式
當插入一條記錄時,使 用默認的映射關系了,但是在查詢時,使用繼承的關系了。具體看看生成的SQL 語句就直截了當了。
//插入一條數據默認使用正常的映射關系
Contact contact = new Contact()
{
ContactType = null,
CompanyName = "Unknown Company",
Phone = "333-444-5555"
};
db.Contacts.InsertOnSubmit(contact);
db.SubmitChanges();
//查詢一條數據默認使用繼承映射關系
var con =
(from c in db.Contacts
where c.CompanyName == "Unknown Company" &&
c.Phone == "333-444-5555"
select c).First();
生 成SQL語句如下:
INSERT INTO [dbo].[Contacts] ([ContactType], [CompanyName],
[Phone]) VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2)
SELECT TOP (1) [t0].[ContactType], [t0].[ContactID],
[t0]. [CompanyName], [t0].[Phone],[t0].[HomePage],
[t0].[ContactName], [t0].[ContactTitle], [t0].[Address],
[t0].[City],[t0].[Region], [t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Country],
[t0].[Fax], [t0].[PhotoPath], [t0].[Photo], [t0].[Extension]
FROM [dbo].[Contacts] AS [t0]
WHERE ([t0].[CompanyName] = @p0) AND ([t0].[Phone] = @p1)
-- @p0: Input NVarChar (Size = 15; Prec = 0; Scale = 0)
[Unknown Company]
-- @p1: Input NVarChar (Size = 12; Prec = 0; Scale = 0)
[333-444-5555]
7.插入新的記錄
這個例子說明如 何插入發貨人的聯系方式的一條記錄。
//
1.在插 入之前查詢一下,沒有數據var ShipperContacts =
from sc in db.Contacts.OfType<ShipperContact>()
where sc.CompanyName == "Northwind Shipper"
select sc;
//
2.插入數據ShipperContact nsc = new ShipperContact()
{
CompanyName = "Northwind Shipper",
Phone = "(123)-456-7890"
};
db.Contacts.InsertOnSubmit(nsc);
db.SubmitChanges();
//
3.查詢數據,有一條記錄ShipperContacts =
from sc in db.Contacts.OfType<ShipperContact>()
where sc.CompanyName == "Northwind Shipper"
select sc;
//
4.刪除記錄db.Contacts.DeleteOnSubmit (nsc);
db.SubmitChanges();
生成SQL語句如下:
SELECT COUNT(*) AS [value] FROM [dbo].[Contacts] AS [t0]
WHERE ([t0].[CompanyName] = @p0) AND ([t0].[ContactType] = @p1)
AND ([t0].[ContactType] IS NOT NULL)
-- @p0: Input NVarChar [Northwind Shipper]
-- @p1: Input NVarChar [Shipper]
INSERT INTO [dbo].[Contacts]([ContactType], [CompanyName], [Phone])
VALUES (@p0, @p1, @p2)
-- @p0: Input NVarChar [Shipper]
-- @p1: Input NVarChar [Northwind Shipper]
-- @p2: Input NVarChar [(123)-456-7890]
SELECT COUNT(*) AS [value] FROM [dbo].[Contacts] AS [t0]
WHERE ([t0].[CompanyName] = @p0) AND ([t0].[ContactType] = @p1)
AND ([t0].[ContactType] IS NOT NULL)
-- @p0: Input NVarChar [Northwind Shipper]
-- @p1: Input NVarChar [Shipper]
DELETE FROM [dbo].[Contacts] WHERE ([ContactID] = @p0) AND
([ContactType] = @p1) AND ([CompanyName] = @p2) AND ([Phone] = @p3)
-- @p0: Input Int [159]
-- @p1: Input NVarChar [Shipper]
-- @p2: Input NVarChar [Northwind Shipper]
-- @p3: Input NVarChar [(123)-456-7890]
-- @p4: Input NVarChar [Unknown]
-- @p5: Input NVarChar (Size = 8; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [Supplier]
-- @p6: Input NVarChar (Size = 7; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [Shipper]
-- @p7: Input NVarChar (Size = 8; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [Employee]
-- @p8: Input NVarChar (Size = 8; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [Customer]