有時候為了提升WebAPI的性能,減少響應時間,我們會使用壓縮和解壓,而現在大多數客戶端浏覽器都提供了內置的解壓支持。在WebAPI請求的資源越大時,使用壓縮對性能提升的效果越明顯,而當請求的資源很小時則不需要使用壓縮和解壓,因為壓縮和解壓同樣也是需要耗費一定的時間的。
看見老外寫了一篇ASP.NET Web API GZip compression ActionFilter with 8 lines of code
說實話被這標題吸引了,8行代碼實現GZip壓縮過濾器,我就照著他的去實踐了一番,發現居然中文出現亂碼。
按照他的實現方式:
1、下載DotNetZipLib庫
2、解壓後添加Ionic.Zlib.dll的dll引用
3、新建DeflateCompression特性和GZipCompression特性,分別代表Deflate壓縮和GZip壓縮,這兩種壓縮方式的實現代碼很相似
不同的地方就是
actContext.Response.Content.Headers.Add("Content-encoding", "gzip");
actContext.Response.Content.Headers.Add("Content-encoding", "deflate");
和
var compressor = new DeflateStream( output, CompressionMode.Compress, CompressionLevel.BestSpeed)
var compressor = new GZipStream( output, CompressionMode.Compress, CompressionLevel.BestSpeed)
using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Filters; namespace WebAPI.Filter { public class GZipCompressionAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute { public override void OnActionExecuted(HttpActionExecutedContext actContext) { var content = actContext.Response.Content; var bytes = content == null ? null : content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync().Result; var zlibbedContent = bytes == null ? new byte[0] : CompressionHelper.GZipByte(bytes); actContext.Response.Content = new ByteArrayContent(zlibbedContent); actContext.Response.Content.Headers.Remove("Content-Type"); actContext.Response.Content.Headers.Add("Content-encoding", "gzip"); actContext.Response.Content.Headers.Add("Content-Type", "application/json"); base.OnActionExecuted(actContext); } } } using System.Net.Http; using System.Web.Http.Filters; namespace WebAPI.Filter { public class DeflateCompressionAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute { public override void OnActionExecuted(HttpActionExecutedContext actContext) { var content = actContext.Response.Content; var bytes = content == null ? null : content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync().Result; var zlibbedContent = bytes == null ? new byte[0] : CompressionHelper.DeflateByte(bytes); actContext.Response.Content = new ByteArrayContent(zlibbedContent); actContext.Response.Content.Headers.Remove("Content-Type"); actContext.Response.Content.Headers.Add("Content-encoding", "deflate"); actContext.Response.Content.Headers.Add("Content-Type", "application/json"); base.OnActionExecuted(actContext); } }
4、添加一個壓縮幫助類CompressionHelper
using System.IO; using Ionic.Zlib; namespace WebAPI.Filter { public class CompressionHelper { public static byte[] DeflateByte(byte[] str) { if (str == null) { return null; } using (var output = new MemoryStream()) { using ( var compressor = new DeflateStream( output, CompressionMode.Compress, CompressionLevel.BestSpeed)) { compressor.Write(str, 0, str.Length); } return output.ToArray(); } } public static byte[] GZipByte(byte[] str) { if (str == null) { return null; } using (var output = new MemoryStream()) { using ( var compressor = new GZipStream( output, CompressionMode.Compress, CompressionLevel.BestSpeed)) { compressor.Write(str, 0, str.Length); } return output.ToArray(); } } } }
5、控制器調用,這裡我寫的測試代碼:
public class TestController : ApiController { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); [GZipCompression] public string Get(int id) { for (int i = 0; i < 1000;i++ ) { sb.Append("這裡是中國的領土" + i); } return sb.ToString() + DateTime.Now.ToLocalTime() + "," + id; } }
先看下不使用壓縮,注釋//[GZipCompression] 標記,文件大小是26.4kb,請求時間是1.27s
使用[GZipCompression]標記,添加壓縮後,文件大小是2.4kb,響應時間是1.21,Respouse Body明顯小了很多,但是響應時間少得並不明顯,因為在本地環境下載太快了,而壓縮解壓卻要消耗一定的時間,界面加載的時間主要消耗在onload上了。有個問題:中文顯示亂碼了。
使用.net自帶的壓縮,在System.IO.Compression中提供了對應的類庫——GZipStream與DeflateStream。控制器調用代碼不變,新建一個CompressContentAttribute.cs類,代碼如下:
using System.Web; using System.Web.Http.Controllers; using System.Web.Http.Filters; namespace WebAPI.Filter { // <summary> /// 自動識別客戶端是否支持壓縮,如果支持則返回壓縮後的數據 /// Attribute that can be added to controller methods to force content /// to be GZip encoded if the client supports it /// </summary> public class CompressContentAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute { /// <summary> /// Override to compress the content that is generated by /// an action method. /// </summary> /// <param name="filterContext"></param> public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext filterContext) { GZipEncodePage(); } /// <summary> /// Determines if GZip is supported /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public static bool IsGZipSupported() { string AcceptEncoding = HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers["Accept-Encoding"]; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(AcceptEncoding) && (AcceptEncoding.Contains("gzip") || AcceptEncoding.Contains("deflate"))) return true; return false; } /// <summary> /// Sets up the current page or handler to use GZip through a Response.Filter /// IMPORTANT: /// You have to call this method before any output is generated! /// </summary> public static void GZipEncodePage() { HttpResponse Response = HttpContext.Current.Response; if (IsGZipSupported()) { string AcceptEncoding = HttpContext.Current.Request.Headers["Accept-Encoding"]; if (AcceptEncoding.Contains("deflate")) { Response.Filter = new System.IO.Compression.DeflateStream(Response.Filter, System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode.Compress); #region II6不支持此方法,(實際上此值默認為null 也不需要移除) //Response.Headers.Remove("Content-Encoding"); #endregion Response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "deflate"); } else { Response.Filter = new System.IO.Compression.GZipStream(Response.Filter, System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode.Compress); #region II6不支持此方法,(實際上此值默認為null 也不需要移除) //Response.Headers.Remove("Content-Encoding"); #endregion Response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip"); } } // Allow proxy servers to cache encoded and unencoded versions separately Response.AppendHeader("Vary", "Content-Encoding"); } } /// <summary> /// 強制Defalte壓縮 /// Content-encoding:gzip,Content-Type:application/json /// DEFLATE是一個無專利的壓縮算法,它可以實現無損數據壓縮,有眾多開源的實現算法。 /// </summary> public class DeflateCompressionAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute { public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext filterContext) { HttpResponse Response = HttpContext.Current.Response; Response.Filter = new System.IO.Compression.DeflateStream(Response.Filter, System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode.Compress); #region II6不支持此方法,(實際上此值默認為null 也不需要移除) //Response.Headers.Remove("Content-Encoding"); #endregion Response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "deflate"); } } /// <summary> /// 強制GZip壓縮,application/json /// Content-encoding:gzip,Content-Type:application/json /// GZIP是使用DEFLATE進行壓縮數據的另一個壓縮庫 /// </summary> public class GZipCompressionAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute { public override void OnActionExecuting(HttpActionContext filterContext) { HttpResponse Response = HttpContext.Current.Response; Response.Filter = new System.IO.Compression.GZipStream(Response.Filter, System.IO.Compression.CompressionMode.Compress); #region II6不支持此方法,(實際上此值默認為null 也不需要移除) //Response.Headers.Remove("Content-Encoding"); #endregion Response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip"); } } } View Code運行查看結果,壓縮能力比DotNetZipLib略差,但是不再出現亂碼了。
把控制器代碼中的標記改為 [DeflateCompression],使用Deflate壓縮再來看下效果:
Deflate壓縮後,Content-Length值為2538,而GZip壓縮Content-Length值為2556,可見Deflate壓縮效果更好。
這裡,WebAPI的壓縮我都是通過Action過濾器的方式來實現,當然你也可以寫在WebAPI中的全局配置中,考慮到有些API接口並不需要使用到壓縮,所以就通過Action過濾器的方式來實現了。
dudu的這篇文章HttpClient與APS.NET Web API:請求內容的壓縮與解壓在客戶端壓縮、在服務端解壓。