好久沒寫博客了,今天特地來更新一下,今天我們要學習的是如何導出數據到Excel文件中,這裡我使用的是免費開源的Epplus組件。
源代碼下載:https://github.com/caofangsheng93/ExcelExportInMvc
這篇文章,介紹的是怎樣導出數據到Excel文件中,大多數的後端程序都有報表功能:把顯示在Grid中的數據導出到Excel文件中,這篇文章中使用的是EPPlus組件。
EPPlus是一個基於OOXML【Open Extended Markup Language 】格式的,操作Excel表格的類庫。OOXML是由微軟開發的。默認支持微軟的Office。
開源網站:http://epplus.codeplex.com/
上面是我們的項目。
首先我們需要引入:EPPlus。
我這裡已經引入了。
當我們在程序中使用ORM的時候,我們通常將數據保存在集合中。集合中的數據不能直接導出到Excel文件中。這也就是我們為啥,需要先將List轉DataTable的原因。
圖1 :導出Excel的步驟
為了完成這篇文章:我們需要四個步驟:
1.數據:這裡我使用靜態數據,來確保這篇文章盡可能通俗易懂。
2.集合:靜態數據保存在集合中
3.DataTable:轉化泛型集合的數據,保存到DataTable中
4.導出文件:DataTable導出為Excel
首先,我們創建一個類:
public class Student { public int ID { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public string Sex { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } public string Email { get; set; } } Student
然後創建一個靜態數據類:
public class StaticDataOfStudent { public static List<Student> ListStudent { get { return new List<Student>() { new Student(){ID=1,Name="曹操",Sex="男",Email="[email protected]",Age=24}, new Student(){ID=2,Name="李易峰",Sex="女",Email="[email protected]",Age=24}, new Student(){ID=3,Name="張三豐",Sex="男",Email="[email protected]",Age=224}, new Student(){ID=4,Name="孫權",Sex="男",Email="[email protected]",Age=1224}, }; } } } StaticDataOfStudent
然後就是我們的導出Excel幫助類了:
/// <summary> /// Excel導出幫助類 /// </summary> public class ExcelExportHelper { public static string ExcelContentType { get { return "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"; } } /// <summary> /// List轉DataTable /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="data"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static DataTable ListToDataTable<T>(List<T> data) { PropertyDescriptorCollection properties = TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(typeof(T)); DataTable dataTable = new DataTable(); for (int i = 0; i < properties.Count; i++) { PropertyDescriptor property = properties[i]; dataTable.Columns.Add(property.Name, Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(property.PropertyType) ?? property.PropertyType); } object[] values = new object[properties.Count]; foreach (T item in data) { for (int i = 0; i < values.Length; i++) { values[i] = properties[i].GetValue(item); } dataTable.Rows.Add(values); } return dataTable; } /// <summary> /// 導出Excel /// </summary> /// <param name="dataTable">數據源</param> /// <param name="heading">工作簿Worksheet</param> /// <param name="showSrNo">//是否顯示行編號</param> /// <param name="columnsToTake">要導出的列</param> /// <returns></returns> public static byte[] ExportExcel(DataTable dataTable, string heading = "", bool showSrNo = false, params string[] columnsToTake) { byte[] result = null; using(ExcelPackage package=new ExcelPackage()) { ExcelWorksheet workSheet = package.Workbook.Worksheets.Add(string.Format("{0}Data", heading)); int startRowFrom = string.IsNullOrEmpty(heading) ? 1 : 3; //開始的行 //是否顯示行編號 if (showSrNo) { DataColumn dataColumn = dataTable.Columns.Add("#", typeof(int)); dataColumn.SetOrdinal(0); int index = 1; foreach (DataRow item in dataTable.Rows) { item[0] = index; index++; } } //Add Content Into the Excel File workSheet.Cells["A" + startRowFrom].LoadFromDataTable(dataTable, true); // autofit width of cells with small content int columnIndex = 1; foreach (DataColumn item in dataTable.Columns) { ExcelRange columnCells = workSheet.Cells[workSheet.Dimension.Start.Row, columnIndex, workSheet.Dimension.End.Row, columnIndex]; int maxLength = columnCells.Max(cell => cell.Value.ToString().Count()); if (maxLength < 150) { workSheet.Column(columnIndex).AutoFit(); } columnIndex++; } // format header - bold, yellow on black using (ExcelRange r = workSheet.Cells[startRowFrom, 1, startRowFrom, dataTable.Columns.Count]) { r.Style.Font.Color.SetColor(System.Drawing.Color.White); r.Style.Font.Bold = true; r.Style.Fill.PatternType = OfficeOpenXml.Style.ExcelFillStyle.Solid; r.Style.Fill.BackgroundColor.SetColor(System.Drawing.ColorTranslator.FromHtml("#1fb5ad")); } // format cells - add borders using (ExcelRange r = workSheet.Cells[startRowFrom + 1, 1, startRowFrom + dataTable.Rows.Count, dataTable.Columns.Count]) { r.Style.Border.Top.Style = ExcelBorderStyle.Thin; r.Style.Border.Bottom.Style = ExcelBorderStyle.Thin; r.Style.Border.Left.Style = ExcelBorderStyle.Thin; r.Style.Border.Right.Style = ExcelBorderStyle.Thin; r.Style.Border.Top.Color.SetColor(System.Drawing.Color.Black); r.Style.Border.Bottom.Color.SetColor(System.Drawing.Color.Black); r.Style.Border.Left.Color.SetColor(System.Drawing.Color.Black); r.Style.Border.Right.Color.SetColor(System.Drawing.Color.Black); } // removed ignored columns for (int i = dataTable.Columns.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--) { if (i == 0 && showSrNo) { continue; } if (!columnsToTake.Contains(dataTable.Columns[i].ColumnName)) { workSheet.DeleteColumn(i + 1); } } if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(heading)) { workSheet.Cells["A1"].Value = heading; workSheet.Cells["A1"].Style.Font.Size = 20; workSheet.InsertColumn(1, 1); workSheet.InsertRow(1, 1); workSheet.Column(1).Width = 5; } result = package.GetAsByteArray(); } return result; } /// <summary> /// 導出Excel /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam> /// <param name="data"></param> /// <param name="heading"></param> /// <param name="isShowSlNo"></param> /// <param name="ColumnsToTake"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static byte[] ExportExcel<T>(List<T> data, string heading = "", bool isShowSlNo = false, params string[] ColumnsToTake) { return ExportExcel(ListToDataTable<T>(data), heading, isShowSlNo, ColumnsToTake); } }
到此為止,後端服務器的代碼,基本搞完,現在開始設計我們的前端代碼:
我們創建一個ViewModel,用來顯示數據:
public class StudentViewModel { public List<Student> ListStudent { get { return StaticDataOfStudent.ListStudent; } } }
然後創建一個控制器:
public class HomeController : Controller { // GET: Home public ActionResult Index() { StudentViewModel model = new StudentViewModel(); return View(model); } public FileContentResult ExportToExcel() { List<Student> lstStudent = StaticDataOfStudent.ListStudent; string[] columns = { "ID", "Name","Age"}; byte[] filecontent = ExcelExportHelper.ExportExcel(lstStudent,"", false, columns); return File(filecontent, ExcelExportHelper.ExcelContentType, "MyStudent.xlsx"); } }
我們的視圖代碼:
@model ExportToExcel.Models.StudentViewModel @{ ViewBag.Title = "Excel文件導出"; } <div class="panel"> <div class="panel-heading"> <a href="@Url.Action("ExportToExcel")" class="btn btn-primary">Export</a> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <table class="table table-striped table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Sex</th> <th>Age</th> <th>Email</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> @foreach (var item in Model.ListStudent) { <tr> <td>@item.ID</td> <td>@item.Name</td> <td>@item.Sex</td> <td>@item.Age</td> <td>@item.Email</td> </tr> } </tbody> </table> </div> </div>
效果圖:
點擊Export之後,就導出了Excel文件到浏覽器中:打開之後。
總結:這個導出幫助類,可以定制導出那些列。
string[] columns = { "ID", "Name","Age"}; byte[] filecontent = ExcelExportHelper.ExportExcel(lstStudent,"", false, columns); return File(filecontent, ExcelExportHelper.ExcelContentType, "MyStudent.xlsx");
這裡我只是導出這三列。
類似資料參考:http://www.cnblogs.com/liudeyun/p/3535740.html