在項目開發過程中,有時會需要用到調用第三方程序實現本系統的某一些功能,例如本文中需要使用到的swftools插件,那麼如何在程序中使用這個插件,並且該插件是如何將PDF文件轉化為SWF文件的呢?接下來就會做一個簡單的介紹。
在.NET平台中,對C#提供了一個操作對本地和遠程的訪問進程,使能夠啟動和停止系統進程。這個類就是System.Diagnostics.Process,我們首先來了解一下該類。
在C#中使用Process類可以提供對本地和遠程的訪問進程,使能夠啟動和停止系統進程,並且該類可以對系統進程進行管理。該類中的一些常用方法:Start() ,Kill(), WaitForExit()等方法;StartInfo,FileName,CreateNoWindow等屬性。
具體介紹一下該方法的實現代碼:
/// <devdoc> /// <para>
/// <see cref='System.Diagnostics.Process'/>如果過程資源被重用而不是啟動,重用的進程與此相關聯<see cref ='System.Diagnostics.Process'/>零件。
/// </para>
/// </devdoc>
[ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.None)] [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine, ResourceScope.Machine)] public bool Start() { Close(); ProcessStartInfo startInfo = StartInfo; if (startInfo.FileName.Length == 0) throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.GetString(SR.FileNameMissing)); if (startInfo.UseShellExecute) { #if !FEATURE_PAL return StartWithShellExecuteEx(startInfo); #else throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.GetString(SR.net_perm_invalid_val, "StartInfo.UseShellExecute", true)); #endif // !FEATURE_PAL } else { return StartWithCreateProcess(startInfo); } }
具體介紹一下該方法的實現代碼:
[ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.Machine)] [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine)] public void Kill() { SafeProcessHandle handle = null; try { handle = GetProcessHandle(NativeMethods.PROCESS_TERMINATE); if (!NativeMethods.TerminateProcess(handle, -1)) throw new Win32Exception(); } finally { ReleaseProcessHandle(handle); } }
SafeProcessHandle GetProcessHandle(int access) { return GetProcessHandle(access, true); } /// <devdoc> /// 獲取進程的短期句柄,具有給定的訪問權限。 ///如果句柄存儲在當前進程對象中,則使用它。 ///注意,我們存儲在當前進程對象中的句柄將具有我們需要的所有訪問權限。 /// </devdoc> /// <internalonly/> [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.None)] [ResourceConsumption(ResourceScope.Machine, ResourceScope.Machine)] SafeProcessHandle GetProcessHandle(int access, bool throwIfExited) { Debug.WriteLineIf(processTracing.TraceVerbose, "GetProcessHandle(access = 0x" + access.ToString("X8", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + ", throwIfExited = " + throwIfExited + ")"); #if DEBUG if (processTracing.TraceVerbose) { StackFrame calledFrom = new StackTrace(true).GetFrame(0); Debug.WriteLine(" called from " + calledFrom.GetFileName() + ", line " + calledFrom.GetFileLineNumber()); } #endif if (haveProcessHandle) { if (throwIfExited) { //因為hasProcessHandle是true,我們知道我們有進程句柄
//打開時至少要有SYNCHRONIZE訪問,所以我們可以等待它
// zero timeout以查看進程是否已退出。
ProcessWaitHandle waitHandle = null; try { waitHandle = new ProcessWaitHandle(m_processHandle); if (waitHandle.WaitOne(0, false)) { if (haveProcessId) throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.GetString(SR.ProcessHasExited, processId.ToString(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture))); else throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.GetString(SR.ProcessHasExitedNoId)); } } finally { if( waitHandle != null) { waitHandle.Close(); } } } return m_processHandle; } else { EnsureState(State.HaveId | State.IsLocal); SafeProcessHandle handle = SafeProcessHandle.InvalidHandle; #if !FEATURE_PAL handle = ProcessManager.OpenProcess(processId, access, throwIfExited); #else IntPtr pseudohandle = NativeMethods.GetCurrentProcess(); // Get a real handle if (!NativeMethods.DuplicateHandle (new HandleRef(this, pseudohandle), new HandleRef(this, pseudohandle), new HandleRef(this, pseudohandle), out handle, 0, false, NativeMethods.DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS | NativeMethods.DUPLICATE_CLOSE_SOURCE)) { throw new Win32Exception(); } #endif // !FEATURE_PAL if (throwIfExited && (access & NativeMethods.PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION) != 0) { if (NativeMethods.GetExitCodeProcess(handle, out exitCode) && exitCode != NativeMethods.STILL_ACTIVE) { throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.GetString(SR.ProcessHasExited, processId.ToString(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture))); } } return handle; } }
具體介紹一下該方法的實現代碼:
public bool WaitForExit(int milliseconds) { SafeProcessHandle handle = null; bool exited; ProcessWaitHandle processWaitHandle = null; try { handle = GetProcessHandle(NativeMethods.SYNCHRONIZE, false); if (handle.IsInvalid) { exited = true; } else { processWaitHandle = new ProcessWaitHandle(handle); if( processWaitHandle.WaitOne(milliseconds, false)) { exited = true; signaled = true; } else { exited = false; signaled = false; } } } finally { if( processWaitHandle != null) { processWaitHandle.Close(); } // If we have a hard timeout, we cannot wait for the streams if( output != null && milliseconds == -1) { output.WaitUtilEOF(); } if( error != null && milliseconds == -1) { error.WaitUtilEOF(); } ReleaseProcessHandle(handle); } if (exited && watchForExit) { RaiseOnExited(); } return exited; }
internal ProcessWaitHandle( SafeProcessHandle processHandle): base() { SafeWaitHandle waitHandle = null; bool succeeded = NativeMethods.DuplicateHandle( new HandleRef(this, NativeMethods.GetCurrentProcess()), processHandle, new HandleRef(this, NativeMethods.GetCurrentProcess()), out waitHandle, 0, false, NativeMethods.DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS); if (!succeeded) { Marshal.ThrowExceptionForHR(Marshal.GetHRForLastWin32Error()); } this.SafeWaitHandle = waitHandle; }
具體介紹一下該方法的實現代碼:
[Browsable(false), DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Content), MonitoringDescription(SR.ProcessStartInfo)] public ProcessStartInfo StartInfo { get { if (startInfo == null) { startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo(this); } return startInfo; } [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.Machine)] set { if (value == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("value"); } startInfo = value; } }
具體介紹一下該方法的實現代碼:
[ DefaultValue(false), MonitoringDescription(SR.ProcessCreateNoWindow), NotifyParentProperty(true) ] public bool CreateNoWindow { get { return createNoWindow; } set { createNoWindow = value; } }
以上簡單介紹了該類的三種常用方法和兩種常用屬性,在實際的開發項目中無須對每個屬性方法和屬性的底層實現做全面的了解,但建議在學習該類的時候,適當的了解一下某一些類的方法實現,有助於我們很好的掌握該類。
在項目如果需要將PDF文件轉換為SWF文件,可以在項目中引入Swftools插件,該插件的主要功能:PDF到SWF轉換器。 每頁生成一幀。 使您能夠在Flash Movie中擁有完全格式化的文本,包括表格,公式,圖形等。 它基於Derek B. Noonburg的xpdf PDF解析器。
簡單介紹一下該插件的常用參數:
-h , –help Print short help message and exit 打印幫助信息
-V , –version Print version info and exit 打印版本號
-o , –output file.swf Direct output to file.swf. If file.swf contains ‘13568621′ (file13568630.swf), then each page指定輸出的swf文件名
-P , –password password Use password for deciphering the pdf.指定打開pdf的密碼
-z , –zlib Use Flash 6 (MX) zlib compression.使用Flash 6的zlib壓縮機制
-i , –ignore Allows pdf2swf to change the draw order of the pdf. This may make the generated允許程序修改pdf的繪制順序,可能會導致結果與原來有差異
以上是幾種常用的參數,具體擦參數列表詳見:http://www.swftools.org/。
對實現本次操作的類和插件做了一個簡單的介紹,接下來提供一個具體實現該功能的操作方法:
/// <summary> /// PDF格式轉為SWF /// </summary> /// <param name="pdfPathParameter">原視頻文件地址,如/a/b/c.pdf</param> /// <param name="swfPathParameter">生成後的FLV文件地址,如/a/b/c.swf</param> /// <param name="beginpage">轉換開始頁</param> /// <param name="endpage">轉換結束頁</param> /// <param name="photoQuality">照片質量</param> /// <returns></returns> public static bool PdfConversionSwf(string pdfPathParameter, string swfPathParameter, int beginpage, int endpage, int photoQuality) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(pdfPathParameter)) { throw new ArgumentNullException(pdfPathParameter); } if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(swfPathParameter)) { throw new ArgumentNullException(swfPathParameter); } if (endpage < beginpage) { throw new ArgumentException("起始頁數大於結束頁數"); } if (photoQuality <= 0) { throw new ArgumentException("照片質量錯誤"); } var exe = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/tools/swftools-2013-04-09-1007.exe"); var pdfPath = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath(pdfPathParameter); var swfPath = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath(swfPathParameter); Process p = null; try { if (!File.Exists(exe) || !File.Exists(pdfPath)) { return false; } if (File.Exists(swfPath)) { File.Delete(swfPath); } var sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.Append(" \"" + pdfPath + "\""); sb.Append(" -o \"" + swfPath + "\""); sb.Append(" -s flashversion=9"); sb.Append(" -s disablelinks"); if (endpage > GetPageCount(pdfPath)) { endpage = GetPageCount(pdfPath); } sb.Append(" -p " + "\"" + beginpage + "" + "-" + endpage + "\""); //SWF中的圖片質量 sb.Append(" -j " + photoQuality); var command = sb.ToString(); //Process提供對本地和遠程的訪問進程,使能夠啟動和停止系統進程。 p = new Process { StartInfo = { FileName = exe, Arguments = command, WorkingDirectory = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/Bin/"), UseShellExecute = false, RedirectStandardError = true, CreateNoWindow = false } }; //啟動線程 p.Start(); //開始異步讀取 p.BeginErrorReadLine(); //等待完成 p.WaitForExit(); //開始同步讀取 //p.StandardError.ReadToEnd(); if (!File.Exists(swfPath)) return false; return true; } catch (IOException ioex) { throw new IOException(ioex.Message); } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception(ex.Message); } finally { if (p != null) { //關閉進程 p.Close(); //釋放資源 p.Dispose(); } } }
在本文中介紹了在C#中如何操作外部程序和線程的類System.Diagnostics.Process,並介紹了該類的一些常用方法的底層實現代碼,如果需要對該類進行詳細的了解,可以根據MSDN和.NET底層源碼的相關注釋和文章進行細致的學習。在介紹完實現操作的類的同時,也對Swftools插件做了一個說明,並列舉了相關的參數,如果在項目中有較高的要求,可以根據官方提供的API文檔進行重構。
在項目開發中,任何一個功能是無法做法完成所有的功能,在編碼功能時,只能盡可能的考慮到方法的通用性,在理解了某一個類和某一個插件的基本原理和使用方法後,可以根據對應的API進行添加新功能。