TQueue 和 TStack, 一個是隊列列表, 一個是堆棧列表; 一個是先進先出, 一個是先進後出.
TStack 主要有三個方法、一個屬性:
Push(壓棧)、Pop(出棧)、Peek(查看下一個要出棧的元素);
Count(元素總數).
本例效果圖:
代碼文件:unit Unit1;
窗體文件:
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
Dialogs, StdCtrls;
type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
Memo1: TMemo;
Button1: TButton;
Button2: TButton;
Button3: TButton;
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
uses Generics.Collections; {Delphi 2009 新增的泛型容器單元}
type
TRec = record
Name: string;
Age: Word;
end;
var
Stack: TStack<TRec>; {定義一個泛型 TStack 類, 這指定了要用於上面定義的 TRec 記錄}
{建立}
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
Stack := TStack<TRec>.Create;
Memo1.Clear;
Button1.Caption := Button1.Caption + ' 壓棧';
Button2.Caption := Button2.Caption + ' 出棧';
Button3.Caption := Button3.Caption + ' 下一個出棧的...';
end;
{釋放}
procedure TForm1.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
begin
Stack.Free;
end;
{壓棧: Push}
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
rec: TRec;
begin
rec.Name := StringOfChar(Char(65 + Random(26)), 3);
rec.Age := Random(150);
Stack.Push(rec);
Text := Format('當前隊列成員總數: %d', [Stack.Count]);
{讓 Memo1 配合顯示}
Memo1.Lines.Add(Format('%s, %d', [rec.Name, rec.Age]));
end;
{出棧: Pop}
procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
var
rec: TRec;
begin
if Stack.Count = 0 then Exit;
rec := Stack.Pop;
ShowMessage(Format('%s, %d', [rec.Name, rec.Age]));
Text := Format('當前隊列成員總數: %d', [Stack.Count]);
{讓 Memo1 配合顯示}
Memo1.Lines.Delete(Memo1.Lines.Count - 1);
end;
{下一個出列的的元素: Peek}
procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
var
rec: TRec;
begin
if Stack.Count = 0 then Exit;
rec := Stack.Peek;
ShowMessage(Format('%s, %d', [rec.Name, rec.Age]));
end;
end.object Form1: TForm1
Left = 0
Top = 0
Caption = 'Form1'
ClIEntHeight = 147
ClIEntWidth = 284
Color = clBtnFace
Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET
Font.Color = clWindowText
Font.Height = -11
Font.Name = 'Tahoma'
Font.Style = []
OldCreateOrder = False
Position = poDesktopCenter
OnCreate = FormCreate
OnDestroy = FormDestroy
PixelsPerInch = 96
TextHeight = 13
object Memo1: TMemo
Left = 0
Top = 0
Width = 121
Height = 147
Align = alLeft
Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET
Font.Color = clWindowText
Font.Height = -13
Font.Name = 'CourIEr New'
Font.Style = []
Lines.Strings = (
'Memo1')
ParentFont = False
ScrollBars = ssBoth
TabOrder = 0
end
object Button1: TButton
Left = 127
Top = 21
Width = 146
Height = 25
Caption = 'Button1'
TabOrder = 1
OnClick = Button1Click
end
object Button2: TButton
Left = 127
Top = 61
Width = 146
Height = 25
Caption = 'Button2'
TabOrder = 2
OnClick = Button2Click
end
object Button3: TButton
Left = 127
Top = 99
Width = 146
Height = 25
Caption = 'Button3'
TabOrder = 3
OnClick = Button3Click
end
end