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 程式師世界 >> 編程語言 >> 更多編程語言 >> Delphi >> 多線程編程(10) - 多線程同步之Mutex(互斥對象)

多線程編程(10) - 多線程同步之Mutex(互斥對象)

編輯:Delphi

原理分析:

互斥對象是系統內核對象, 各線程都可以擁有它, 誰擁有誰就能執行;

執行完畢, 用 ReleaseMutex 函數釋放擁有權, 以讓其他等待的線程使用.

其他線程可用 WaitForSingleObject 函數排隊等候(等候也可以理解為排隊申請).

使用過程:

var hMutex: THandle; {應該先聲明一個全局的互斥句柄}
CreateMutex     {建立一個互斥對象}
WaitForSingleObject {用等待函數排隊等候}
ReleaseMutex     {釋放擁有權}
CloseHandle     {最後釋放互斥對象}

ReleaseMutex、CloseHandle 的參數都是 CreateMutex 返回的句柄, 關鍵是 CreateMutex 函數:

function CreateMutex(
 lpMutexAttributes: PSecurityAttributes;
 bInitialOwner: BOOL; {是否讓創建者(此例中是主線程)擁有該互斥對象}
 lpName: PWideChar  {可以給此互斥對象取個名字, 如果不要名字可賦值為 nil}
): THandle;
{
1、第一個參數前面說過.
2、第二個參數在這裡一定要是 False, 如果讓主線程擁有互斥, 從理論上講, 得等程序退出後其他線程才有機會;
  取值 False 時, 第一個執行的線程將會最先擁有互斥對象, 一旦擁有其他線程就得先等等.
3、第三個參數, 如果給個名字, 函數將從系統中尋找是否有重名的互斥對象, 如果有則返回同名對象的存在的句柄;
  如果賦值為 nil 將直接創建一個新的互斥對象; 下個例子將會有名字. }

本例效果圖:

代碼文件:unit Unit1;
interface
uses
 Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
 Dialogs, StdCtrls;
type
 TForm1 = class(TForm)
  Button1: TButton;
  procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
  procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
  procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
 end;
var
 Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
var
 f: Integer;   {用這個變量協調一下各線程輸出的位置}
 hMutex: THandle; {互斥對象的句柄}
function MyThreadFun(p: Pointer): DWORD; stdcall;
var
 i,y: Integer;
begin
 Inc(f);
 y := 20 * f;
 for i := 0 to 50000 do
 begin
  if WaitForSingleObject(hMutex, INFINITE) = WAIT_OBJECT_0 then
  begin
   Form1.Canvas.Lock;
   Form1.Canvas.TextOut(20, y, IntToStr(i));
   Form1.Canvas.Unlock;
   Sleep(0); {稍稍耽擱一點, 不然有時 Canvas 會協調不過來}
   ReleaseMutex(hMutex);
  end;
 end;
 Result := 0;
end;
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
 ThreadID: DWORD;
begin
 Repaint;
 f := 0;
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
end;
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
 hMutex := CreateMutex(nil, False, nil);
end;
procedure TForm1.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
begin
 CloseHandle(hMutex);
end;
end.

窗體文件:object Form1: TForm1
 Left = 0
 Top = 0
 Caption = 'Form1'
 ClientHeight = 140
 ClientWidth = 192
 Color = clBtnFace
 Font.Charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET
 Font.Color = clWindowText
 Font.Height = -11
 Font.Name = 'Tahoma'
 Font.Style = []
 OldCreateOrder = False
 OnCreate = FormCreate
 PixelsPerInch = 96
 TextHeight = 13
 object Button1: TButton
  Left = 109
  Top = 107
  Width = 75
  Height = 25
  Caption = 'Button1'
  TabOrder = 0
  OnClick = Button1Click
 end
end

SyncObjs 單元下有封裝好的 TMutex 類, 好像不如 Api 快, 內部機制也稍有區別, 但使用方法差不多:unit Unit1;
interface
uses
 Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
 Dialogs, StdCtrls;
type
 TForm1 = class(TForm)
  Button1: TButton;
  procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
  procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
  procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
 end;
var
 Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
uses SyncObjs;
var
 f: Integer;
 MyMutex: TMutex;
function MyThreadFun(p: Pointer): DWORD; stdcall;
var
 i,y: Integer;
begin
 Inc(f);
 y := 20 * f;
 for i := 0 to 50000 do
 begin
  if MyMutex.WaitFor(INFINITE) = wrSignaled then
  begin
   Form1.Canvas.Lock;
   Form1.Canvas.TextOut(20, y, IntToStr(i));
   Form1.Canvas.Unlock;
   MyMutex.Release;
  end;
 end;
 Result := 0;
end;
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
 ThreadID: DWORD;
begin
 Repaint;
 f := 0;
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
 CreateThread(nil, 0, @MyThreadFun, nil, 0, ThreadID);
end;
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
 MyMutex := TMutex.Create(False);
end;
procedure TForm1.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
begin
 MyMutex.Free;
end;
end.

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