有時我們需要把一些大的數據對象如圖片、可執行文件、視頻和文檔等數據存入數據庫。在MS SQL Server中,這要用到Image數據類型,可以保存多達2G的數據。以下給出一個通過ADO.NET和MS SQL Server實現的小小的例子。
先創建一個測試數據表。
在查詢分析器中輸入並執行以下語句:
Create table [imgtable](
[imgid] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[imgname] [varchar](100) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
[imgData] [image] NULL,
PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[imgid]
) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY] TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY]
這要在你所選的數據庫中就多了一個名叫imgtable的表。
VS中的代碼如下:
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.IO;
namespace ADO_Demo
{
/// <summary>
/// Form1 的摘要說明。
/// </summary>
public class ADO_Demo : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2;
private System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox pictureBox1;
private System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog openFileDialog1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button button3;
/// <summary>
/// 必需的設計器變量。
/// </summary>
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
public ADO_Demo()
{
//
// Windows 窗體設計器支持所必需的
//
InitializeComponent();
//
// TODO: 在 InitializeComponent 調用後添加任何構造函數代碼
//
}
/// <summary>
/// 清理所有正在使用的資源。
/// </summary>
protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
{
if( disposing )
{
if (components != null)
{
components.Dispose();
}
}
base.Dispose( disposing );
}
#region Windows 窗體設計器生成的代碼
/// <summary>
/// 設計器支持所需的方法 - 不要使用代碼編輯器修改
/// 此方法的內容。
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.pictureBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.PictureBox();
this.openFileDialog1 = new System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog();
this.button3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// button1
//
this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(368, 48);
this.button1.Name = "button1";
this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(104, 23);
this.button1.TabIndex = 0;
this.button1.Text = "保存圖片";
this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);
//
// button2
//
this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(368, 120);
this.button2.Name = "button2";
this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(104, 23);
this.button2.TabIndex = 1;
this.button2.Text = "顯示圖片";
this.button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button2_Click);
//
// pictureBox1
//
this.pictureBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 16);
this.pictureBox1.Name = "pictureBox1";
this.pictureBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(312, 288);
this.pictureBox1.TabIndex = 2;
this.pictureBox1.TabStop = false;
//
// openFileDialog1
//
this.openFileDialog1.FileOk += new System.ComponentModel.CancelEventHandler(this.openFileDialog1_FileOk);
//
// button3
//
this.button3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(368, 200);
this.button3.Name = "button3";
this.button3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(104, 23);
this.button3.TabIndex = 1;
this.button3.Text = "讀取文件並打開";
this.button3.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button3_Click);
//
// ADO_Demo
//
this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(496, 317);
this.Controls.Add(this.pictureBox1);
this.Controls.Add(this.button2);
this.Controls.Add(this.button1);
this.Controls.Add(this.button3);
this.Name = "ADO_Demo";
this.Text = "ADO_Demo";
this.ResumeLayout(false);
}
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// 應用程序的主入口點。
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
application.Run(new ADO_Demo());
}
/// <summary>
/// 點擊打開文件對話框確定按鈕,將文件保存到數據庫中
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void openFileDialog1_FileOk(object sender, System.ComponentModel.CancelEventArgs e)
{
string filename = this.openFileDialog1.FileName;
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("server=192.168.2.200;integrated security = sspi;database = northwind");
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("insert imgtable values(@imgname,@imgData)",conn);
SqlParameter pm = new SqlParameter("@imgname",SqlDbType.VarChar,100);
pm.Value = filename;
SqlParameter pm1 = new SqlParameter("@imgData",SqlDbType.Image);
FileStream fs = new FileStream(filename,FileMode.Open);
int len = (int)fs.Length;
byte[] fileData = new byte[len];
fs.Read(fileData,0,len);
fs.Close();
pm1.Value = fileData;
cmd.Parameters.Add(pm);
cmd.Parameters.Add(pm1);
conn.Open();
try
{
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
this.openFileDialog1.ShowDialog();
}
/// <summary>
/// 從數據庫中讀取bitmap圖片並顯示
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void button2_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("server=192.168.2.200;integrated security = sspi;database = northwind");
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("select * from imgtable where imgname like '%bmp%'",conn);
conn.Open();
SqlDataReader dr;
try
{
dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
dr.Read();
System.Data.SqlTypes.SqlBinary sb = dr.GetSqlBinary(2);
//或byte[] imageData = (byte[])dr[2];
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(sb.Value);//在內存中操作圖片數據
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(Bitmap.FromStream(ms));
this.pictureBox1.Image = bmp;
dr.Close();
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
finally
{
conn.Close();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 讀取文件並保存到硬盤,然後打開文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void button3_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("server=192.168.2.200;integrated security = sspi;database = northwind");
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("select * from imgtable where imgname like '%doc'",conn);
conn.Open();
SqlDataReader dr;
try
{
dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
dr.Read();
System.Data.SqlTypes.SqlBinary sb = dr.GetSqlBinary(2);
//或byte[] imageData = (byte[])dr[2];
//FileStream fs = new FileStream(@"C: emp.bmp",FileMode.Create);
string filename = @"C:" + System.IO.Path.GetFileName(dr.GetString(1));
FileStream fs = new FileStream(filename,FileMode.Create);
fs.Write(sb.Value,0,sb.Value.Length);
fs.Close();
//this.pictureBox1.Image = Image.FromFile(@"C: emp.bmp");
System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(filename);
dr.Close();
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
}
finally
{
conn.Close();
}
}
}
}
直接把整個文件讀取到內存中的數組裡對於小文件來說是沒問題的,但如果是大文件,特別是大小都超過了物理內存的文件,可能會導致嚴重的內存問題,需要分段讀取,並分段寫到數據庫。