各種數據需要導入Excel?多個Excel要合並?目前,Python處理Excel文件有很多庫,openpyxl算是其中功能和性能做的比較好的一個.接下來我將為大家介紹各種Excel操作.
See a great harvest last oh!
新建一個Excel文件
>>> from openpyxl import Workbook >>> wb = Workbook()
打開現有Excel文件
>>> from openpyxl import load_workbook >>> wb2 = load_workbook('test.xlsx')
打開大文件時,根據需求使用只讀或只寫模式減少內存消耗.
wb = load_workbook(filename='large_file.xlsx', read_only=True) wb = Workbook(write_only=True)
獲取當前活動工作表:
>>> ws = wb.active
創建新的工作表:
>>> ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet") # insert at the end (default) # or >>> ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0) # insert at first position # or >>> ws3 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", -1) # insert at the penultimate position
使用工作表名字獲取工作表:
>>> ws3 = wb["New Title"]
獲取所有的工作表名稱:
>>> print(wb.sheetnames) ['Sheet2', 'New Title', 'Sheet1'] 使用for循環遍歷所有的工作表: >>> for sheet in wb: ... print(sheet.title)
保存到流中在網絡中使用:
>>> from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile >>> from openpyxl import Workbook >>> wb = Workbook() >>> with NamedTemporaryFile() as tmp: wb.save(tmp.name) tmp.seek(0) stream = tmp.read() 保存到文件: >>> wb = Workbook() >>> wb.save('balances.xlsx') 保存為模板: >>> wb = load_workbook('document.xlsx') >>> wb.template = True >>> wb.save('document_template.xltx')
單元格位置作為工作表的鍵直接讀取:
>>> c = ws['A4']
為單元格賦值:
>>> ws['A4'] = 4 >>> c.value = 'hello, world'
多個單元格 可以使用切片訪問單元格區域:
>>> cell_range = ws['A1':'C2']
使用數值格式:
>>> # set date using a Python datetime >>> ws['A1'] = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21) >>> >>> ws['A1'].number_format 'yyyy-mm-dd h:mm:ss'
使用公式:
>>> # add a simple formula >>> ws["A1"] = "=SUM(1, 1)"
合並單元格時,除左上角單元格外,所有單元格都將從工作表中刪除:
>>> ws.merge_cells('A2:D2') >>> ws.unmerge_cells('A2:D2') >>> >>> # or equivalently >>> ws.merge_cells(start_row=2, start_column=1, end_row=4, end_column=4) >>> ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=2, start_column=1, end_row=4, end_column=4)
可以單獨指定行、列、或者行列的范圍:
>>> colC = ws['C'] >>> col_range = ws['C:D'] >>> row10 = ws[10] >>> row_range = ws[5:10]
可以使用Worksheet.iter_rows()方法遍歷行:
>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2): ... for cell in row: ... print(cell) <Cell Sheet1.A1> <Cell Sheet1.B1> <Cell Sheet1.C1> <Cell Sheet1.A2> <Cell Sheet1.B2> <Cell Sheet1.C2>
同樣的Worksheet.iter_cols()方法將遍歷列:
>>> for col in ws.iter_cols(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2): ... for cell in col: ... print(cell) <Cell Sheet1.A1> <Cell Sheet1.A2> <Cell Sheet1.B1> <Cell Sheet1.B2> <Cell Sheet1.C1> <Cell Sheet1.C2>
遍歷文件的所有行或列,可以使用Worksheet.rows屬性:
>>> ws = wb.active >>> ws['C9'] = 'hello world' >>> tuple(ws.rows) ((<Cell Sheet.A1>, <Cell Sheet.B1>, <Cell Sheet.C1>), (<Cell Sheet.A2>, <Cell Sheet.B2>, <Cell Sheet.C2>), (<Cell Sheet.A3>, <Cell Sheet.B3>, <Cell Sheet.C3>), (<Cell Sheet.A4>, <Cell Sheet.B4>, <Cell Sheet.C4>), (<Cell Sheet.A5>, <Cell Sheet.B5>, <Cell Sheet.C5>), (<Cell Sheet.A6>, <Cell Sheet.B6>, <Cell Sheet.C6>), (<Cell Sheet.A7>, <Cell Sheet.B7>, <Cell Sheet.C7>), (<Cell Sheet.A8>, <Cell Sheet.B8>, <Cell Sheet.C8>), (<Cell Sheet.A9>, <Cell Sheet.B9>, <Cell Sheet.C9>))
或Worksheet.columns屬性:
>>> tuple(ws.columns) ((<Cell Sheet.A1>, <Cell Sheet.A2>, <Cell Sheet.A3>, <Cell Sheet.A4>, <Cell Sheet.A5>, <Cell Sheet.A6>, ... <Cell Sheet.B7>, <Cell Sheet.B8>, <Cell Sheet.B9>), (<Cell Sheet.C1>, <Cell Sheet.C2>, <Cell Sheet.C3>, <Cell Sheet.C4>, <Cell Sheet.C5>, <Cell Sheet.C6>, <Cell Sheet.C7>, <Cell Sheet.C8>, <Cell Sheet.C9>))
使用Worksheet.append()或者迭代使用Worksheet.cell()新增一行數據:
>>> for row in range(1, 40): ... ws1.append(range(600)) >>> for row in range(10, 20): ... for col in range(27, 54): ... _ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=row, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col)))
插入操作比較麻煩.可以使用Worksheet.insert_rows()插入一行或幾行:
>>> from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter >>> ws.insert_rows(7) >>> row7 = ws[7] >>> for col in range(27, 54): ... _ = ws3.cell(column=col, row=7, value="{0}".format(get_column_letter(col))) Worksheet.insert_cols()操作類似.Worksheet.delete_rows()和Worksheet.delete_cols()用來批量刪除行和列.
使用Worksheet.values屬性遍歷工作表中的所有行,但只返回單元格值:
for row in ws.values: for value in row: print(value)
Worksheet.iter_rows()和Worksheet.iter_cols()可以設置values_only參數來僅返回單元格的值:
>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2, values_only=True): ... print(row) (None, None, None) (None, None, None)
點擊 Python辦公自動化+Excel Let data fly!