Hello everyone , I am a boy Brother .
I believe that friends who have played with reptiles all know selenium, A artifact tool for automated testing . Write a Python Automated scripts are basically routine operations , Reptiles can't climb , Just use automated testing to make up for it .
although selenium There are complete documentation , But it also requires a certain learning cost , For a pure white, there are still some threshold .
lately , Microsoft open source a project called 「playwright-python」, It's a blockhouse ！ This project is aimed at Python The pure automation tool of language , You don't have to write code , We can realize the automation function .
Maybe you think it's a little weird , But it's just that powerful . Let's take a look at this artifact .
Playwright Is a powerful Python library , Use only one API It can be executed automatically Chromium、Firefox、WebKit And other mainstream browser automation operations , And support headless mode at the same time 、 Head mode operation .
Playwright The automation technology provided is green 、 Powerful 、 Reliable and fast , Support Linux、Mac as well as Windows operating system .
Playwright The installation of is very simple , Two steps .
# install playwright library
pip install playwright
# Install browser driver files （ The installation process is a little slow ）
python -m playwright install
Copy code The top two pip The operation is installed separately ：
install Playwright Dependency Library , need Python3.7+
install Chromium、Firefox、WebKit Wait for the browser's driver file
Use Playwright No need to write a line of code , We just need to manually operate the browser , It will record our actions , And then automatically generate code scripts .
Here's the recording command codegen, Just one line .
# Type... On the command line --help You can see all the options
python -m playwright codegen
Copy code codegen You can use --help see , If it is simple to use, it is to add url link , If you have other needs, you can add options.
python -m playwright codegen --help
Usage: index codegen [options] [url]
open page and generate code for user actions
Options:
-o, --output <file name> saves the generated script to a file
--target <language> language to use, one of javascript, python, python-async, csharp (default: "python")
-h, --help display help for command
Examples:
$ codegen
$ codegen --target=python
$ -b webkit codegen https://example.com
Copy code options meaning ：
-o： Save the recorded script to a file
--target： Specify the language in which the script is generated , Yes JS and Python Two kinds of , The default is Python
-b： Specify browser driver
such as , I want to be in baidu.com Search for , use chromium drive , Save results as my.py Of python file .
python -m playwright codegen --target python -o 'my.py' -b chromium https://www.baidu.com
Copy code After the command line input, the browser will be opened automatically , Then you can see that every move on the browser is automatically translated into code , As shown below .
Automatically close the browser when finished , Save the generated automation script to py file .
from playwright import sync_playwright
def run(playwright):
browser = playwright.chromium.launch(headless=False)
context = browser.newContext()
# Open new page
page = context.newPage()
page.goto("https://www.baidu.com/")
page.click("input[name=\"wd\"]")
page.fill("input[name=\"wd\"]", "jingdong")
page.click("text=\" JD.COM \"")
# Click //a[normalize-space(.)=' JD.COM JD.COM Official website Achieve greater, faster, better and more economical results Just for quality life ']
with page.expect_navigation():
with page.expect_popup() as popup_info:
page.click("//a[normalize-space(.)=' JD.COM JD.COM Official website Achieve greater, faster, better and more economical results Just for quality life ']")
page1 = popup_info.value
# ---------------------
context.close()
browser.close()
with sync_playwright() as playwright:
run(playwright)
Copy code Besides ,playwright It also provides both synchronous and asynchronous API Interface , The documents are as follows .
link ：microsoft.github.io/playwright-…
The following example code ： Open three browsers in turn , Go to baidu Search for , Take a screenshot and exit .
from playwright import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:
for browser_type in [p.chromium, p.firefox, p.webkit]:
browser = browser_type.launch()
page = browser.newPage()
page.goto('https://baidu.com/')
page.screenshot(path=f'example-{browser_type.name}.png')
browser.close()
Copy code Asynchronous operations can be combined with asyncio Three browser operations at the same time .
import asyncio
from playwright import async_playwright
async def main():
async with async_playwright() as p:
for browser_type in [p.chromium, p.firefox, p.webkit]:
browser = await browser_type.launch()
page = await browser.newPage()
await page.goto('http://baidu.com/')
await page.screenshot(path=f'example-{browser_type.name}.png')
await browser.close()
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())
Copy code Even worse ,playwright It can also support mobile browser emulation . The following is a code provided by the official document , Simulate a mobile phone in a given geographic location iphone 11 pro Upper Safari browser , First navigate to maps.google.com, Then perform positioning and take a screenshot .
from playwright import sync_playwright
with sync_playwright() as p:
iphone_11 = p.devices['iPhone 11 Pro']
browser = p.webkit.launch(headless=False)
context = browser.newContext(
**iphone_11,
locale='en-US',
geolocation={ 'longitude': 12.492507, 'latitude': 41.889938 },
permissions=['geolocation']
)
page = context.newPage()
page.goto('https://maps.google.com')
page.click('text="Your location"')
page.screenshot(path='colosseum-iphone.png')
browser.close()
Copy code in addition , It can also cooperate with pytest Plug in to work with , If you are interested, you can try it yourself .
playwright Compared with the existing automated testing tools, it has many advantages , such as ：
The drawback is that the ecology and documentation are not very complete , Such as no API Chinese document 、 There are no good tutorials and examples to learn . But believe , As more and more people know , The future will be better and better .
