source : Open source in China
link :https://www.oschina.net/question/89964_62779
For the newcomer Pythonista In the process of learning to run the code is more or less will encounter some errors , It may seem like a lot of work at first . As the amount of code accumulates , Practice makes perfect when encountering some runtime errors, it can quickly locate the original problem . Here are some common 17 A mistake , When you write code that doesn't make many of these mistakes , Yours Python The skill is on the next level . In other words , When you become a qualified Python After developer , You may be “ I can't write it ” This kind of mistake .
1
Forget in if,for,def,elif,else,class Wait until the end of the statement :
It can lead to “SyntaxError :invalid syntax” as follows :
if spam == 42
print('Hello!')
2
Use = instead of ==
It can also lead to “SyntaxError: invalid syntax”
= It's an assignment operator and == It's a comparison operation . This error occurs in the following code :
if spam = 42:
print('Hello!')
3
Wrong use of indent
Lead to “IndentationError:unexpected indent”、“IndentationError:unindent does not match any outer indetation level” as well as “IndentationError:expected an indented block”
Remember that indent increase is only used to : After the closing statement , And then you have to go back to the previous indent format . This error occurs in the following code :
print('Hello!')
print('Howdy!')
perhaps :
if spam == 42:
print('Hello!')
print('Howdy!')
4
stay for Forget to call... In the loop statement len()
Lead to “TypeError: 'list' object cannot be interpreted as an integer”
Usually you want to iterate through an index list perhaps string The elements of , This requires calling range() function . Remember to go back to len Value instead of returning this list .
This error occurs in the following code :
spam = ['cat', 'dog', 'mouse']
for i in range(spam):
print(spam[i])
5
Try to modify string Value
Lead to “TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment”
string It's an immutable data type , This error occurs in the following code :
spam = 'I have a pet cat.'
spam[13] = 'r'
print(spam)
And the right thing to do is :
spam = 'I have a pet cat.'
spam = spam[:13] + 'r' + spam[14:]
print(spam)
6
Try to connect a non string value with a string
Lead to “TypeError: Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly”
This error occurs in the following code :
numEggs = 12
print('I have ' + numEggs + ' eggs.')
And the right thing to do is :
numEggs = 12
print('I have ' + str(numEggs) + ' eggs.')
numEggs = 12
print('I have %s eggs.' % (numEggs))
7
Forget to quote at the beginning and end of the string
Lead to “SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal”
This error occurs in the following code :
print(Hello!')
print('Hello!)
myName = 'Al'
print('My name is ' + myName + . How are you?')
8
Misspelling variable or function name
Lead to “NameError: name 'fooba' is not defined”
This error occurs in the following code :
foobar = 'Al'
print('My name is ' + fooba)
spam = ruond(4.2)
spam = Round(4.2)
9
Misspelling method name
Lead to “AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'lowerr'”
This error occurs in the following code :
spam = 'THIS IS IN LOWERCASE.'
spam = spam.lowerr()
10
Reference exceeds list Maximum index
Lead to “IndexError: list index out of range”
This error occurs in the following code :
spam = ['cat', 'dog', 'mouse']
print(spam[6])
11
Use a dictionary key that does not exist
Lead to “KeyError:‘spam’”
This error occurs in the following code :
spam = { 'cat': 'Zophie', 'dog': 'Basil', 'mouse': 'Whiskers'}
print('The name of my pet zebra is ' + spam['zebra'])
12
Try to use Python Keyword as variable name
Lead to “SyntaxError:invalid syntax”
Python Key cannot be used as variable name , This error occurs in the following code :
class = 'algebra'
Python3 The key words are :and, as, assert, break, class, continue, def, del, elif, else, except, False, finally, for, from, global, if, import, in, is, lambda, None, nonlocal, not, or, pass, raise, return, True, try, while, with, yield
13
Use the value-added operator... In a new variable definition
Lead to “NameError: name 'foobar' is not defined”
Do not use... When declaring variables 0 Or an empty string as the initial value , In this way, we use a sentence of the autoincrement operator spam += 1 be equal to spam = spam + 1, It means spam You need to specify a valid initial value .
This error occurs in the following code :
spam = 0
spam += 42
eggs += 42
14
Use local variables in functions before defining local variables ( At this time, there is a global variable with the same name as the local variable )
Lead to “UnboundLocalError: local variable 'foobar' referenced before assignment”
It's very complicated to use local variables in a function and have a global variable with the same name at the same time , The rule of use is : If anything is defined in a function , If it's only used in functions, then it's local , On the contrary, it's a global variable .
This means that you can't use it as a global variable in a function before defining it .
This error occurs in the following code :
someVar = 42
def myFunction():
print(someVar)
someVar = 100
myFunction()
15
Try to use range() Create a list of integers
Lead to “TypeError: 'range' object does not support item assignment”
Sometimes you want to get an ordered list of integers , therefore range() Looks like a good way to generate this list . However , You need to remember range() The return is “range object”, Not the actual list value .
This error occurs in the following code :
spam = range(10)
spam[4] = -1
Write it correctly :
spam = list(range(10))
spam[4] = -1
( Be careful : stay Python 2 in spam = range(10) It can be done , Because in Python 2 in range() The return is list value , But in Python 3 The above mistakes will occur in )
16
non-existent ++ perhaps -- Self - increment and self - decrement operators .
Lead to “SyntaxError: invalid syntax”
If you are used to, for example C++ , Java , PHP Wait for other languages , Maybe you want to try to use ++ perhaps -- To increase or decrease by one variable . stay Python There is no such operator in .
This error occurs in the following code :
spam = 1
spam++
Write it correctly :
spam = 1
spam += 1
17
Forget to add... For the first parameter of the method self Parameters
Lead to “TypeError: myMethod() takes no arguments (1 given)”
This error occurs in the following code :
class Foo():
def myMethod():
print('Hello!')
a = Foo()
a.myMethod()
After reading it , Believe that if you are rolling every day Python Words , Few of the above mistakes have been made .
Finally, what mistakes do you often make ?
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