"""
# Built in functions ---abs(): The absolute value
# a = 10086
a = 'hello'
try:
print(abs(a))
with open('666.p', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
print(f.read())
except TypeError:
print('Error: Wrong data type ')
except IOError:
print(' File opening failure ')
else:
print(666)
finally:
print(222)
"""
"""
# Built in functions ---divmod(): Combine the results of divisor and remainder operations , Returns a tuple containing quotient and remainder (a // b, a % b). Divisor Divisor merchant remainder
print(divmod(45, 4))
print(45 / 4)
print(45 // 4)
print(45 % 4)
"""
"""
# Built in functions ---input(): Accept a standard input data , Return to string type .
x = input(' Please enter a string : ')
print(x)
print(type(x))
"""
"""
# Built in functions ---open(): Function to open a file , Create a file object , Related methods can be called to read and write .
# f = open('../run.py', 'r', encoding='utf-8')
# s = f.read()
# f.close()
# print(s)
# with open('../run.py', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
# s = f.read()
# print(s)
"""
"""
# Built in functions ---staticmethod(): The static return method of the function .
class testStaticMethod(object):
@staticmethod
def play():
print(' Static methods ')
def song(self):
print(' Common method ')
# classmethod The function corresponding to the modifier does not need to be instantiated , Unwanted self Parameters , But the first parameter needs to represent the class itself cls Parameters , You can call the properties of a class , Class method , Instanced objects, etc .
@classmethod
def runs(cls):
print(' Class method ')
print(cls)
# Class
# testStaticMethod().play()
# testStaticMethod().song()
# testStaticMethod().runs()
# Class
testStaticMethod.runs()
testStaticMethod.play()
# testStaticMethod.song() # Report errors , Normal methods cannot be called statically , Will report a mistake
"""
'''
# Built in functions ---all(): It is used to judge the given iterative parameters iterable Whether all elements in are TRUE, If it's a return True, Otherwise return to False.
print(all([1, 2, 3]))
print(all([0, 1, 2, 3]))
'''
'''
# Built in functions ---enumerate(): For traversing a data object ( As listing 、 Tuples or strings ) Combined into an index sequence , List both data and data index , Generally used in for Cycle of
lst = [' millet ', ' Huawei ', 'oppo', 'vivo', ' Apple ']
# Mode one :
# for i in lst:
# print(i)
# Mode two :
# for i in range(len(lst)):
# print(i, lst[i])
# Mode three :
# enumerate(): enumeration
# for i in enumerate(lst):
# print(i)
# Mode 4 :
start = 100
for k, v in enumerate(lst, start): # start Omission , The default is 0, k,v--- Unpack
print(k, '====', v)
'''
'''
# Built in functions ---int():
x = '78'
# print(x)
# print(type(x))
print(int(x))
print(type(int(x)))
'''
"""
# Built in functions ---ord():ord() The function is chr() function （ about 8 Bit ASCII character string ） or unichr() function （ about Unicode object ） The pairing function of , It takes one character （ The length is 1 String ） As a parameter , Return the corresponding ASCII The number , perhaps Unicode The number , If given Unicode The characters are beyond your Python Define scope , It will trigger a TypeError It's abnormal .
print(ord('a')) # 97
print(ord('A')) # 65
print(chr(97)) # a
print(chr(65)) # A
"""
"""
# Built in functions ---str(): Convert other objects to strings .
lst = ['apple', 'huawei']
print(str(lst))
print(type(str(lst)))
"""
'''
# Built in functions ---any(): It is used to judge the given iterative parameters iterable Is it all False, Then return to False, If I have a theta True, Then return to True.
lst = ['', None, "", False]
lst1 = ['', None, "", False, 1]
print(any(lst))
print(any(lst1))
'''
"""
# Built in functions ----eval(): Used to execute a string expression , And return the value of the expression . Used to execute a paragraph python Code
eval('print(666)')
"""
"""
# Built in functions ----isinstance(): Determine whether an object is a known type , similar type().
s = 'abc'
print(isinstance(s, str))
number = 5
print(isinstance(number, int))
print(isinstance(s, (str, int, tuple, list, dict, set)))
"""
"""
# Built in functions ---pow(x,y): return x Of y Power Value .
print(pow(2, 3))
print(pow(2, 5))
# Equivalent to : print(2 ** 3)
"""
'''
# Built in functions ---sum(): Sum the series .
lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
lst2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
lst3 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
print(sum(lst))
print(sum(lst2))
print(sum(lst3))
'''
# Built in functions ---ascii(): Function similar to repr() function , Returns a string representing an object , But for the non in the string ASCII The character returns pass repr() Function USES \x, \u or \U Encoded character . Generating a string is similar to Python2 In the version repr() The return value of the function .
"""
# Built in functions ---bin() Returns an integer int Or long integers long int The binary representation of .
print(bin(10))
print(bin(8))
"""
'''
# bool() Function to convert a given argument to a boolean type , If there are no parameters , return False.
print(bool())
print(bool(0))
print(bool(1))
print(bool('abc'))
print(bool(False))
print(bool(True))
'''
'''
# Built in functions ---bytearray(): Returns a new byte array . The elements in this array are mutable , And the range of values for each element : 0 <= x < 256.
# print(bytearray())
# print(bytearray([1, 2, 3]))
print(bytes([1, 2, 3, 4]))
print(bytes('abc'))
'''
'''
# Built in functions ---chr(): Use an integer as a parameter , Returns a corresponding character .
print(chr(97)) # a
'''
"""
# Built in functions ---compile():
# s = "for i in range(0, 10): print(i)"
# c = compile(s, '', 'exec') # Compile as a bytecode object
'''
lst = ['apple', 'huawei', 'xiaomi']
for i in lst:
print(i)
'''
exec('''
for i in range(6):
print(i)
''')
exec('''
lst = ['apple', 'huawei', 'xiaomi']
for i in lst:
print(i)
''')
"""
'''
# Built in functions ---filter(): For filtering sequence , Filter out the elements that do not meet the conditions , Returns an iterator object , If you want to convert to a list , have access to list() To convert . This accepts two parameters , The first one is a function , The second is the sequence , Each element of the sequence is passed as a parameter to the function for judgment , Then return True or False, And then it will return True Is placed in the new list .
lst = set()
for i in range(101):
lst.add(i)
def is_even(n):
return n % 2 == 0
s = list(filter(is_even, lst))
print(s)
'''
"""
# Built in functions ---float() : Used to convert integers and strings to floating-point numbers .
print(float(12))
print(float(12.05))
print(float(-12.05))
print(float('10086'))
"""
"""
# Built in functions ---format(): adopt {} and : To replace the old % .
print('{} the people {}'.format(' The Chinese ', ' republic '))
print('{name} the people {country}'.format(name=' The Chinese ', country=' republic '))
print('{0}{1}{2}{3}{4}{5}'.format(' The Chinese ', ' the people ', ' republic ', ' The central ', ' the people ', ' The government '))
"""
'''
# Built in functions ---frozenset() Returns a frozen collection , After freezing, no more elements can be added or removed from the collection .
lst = ['one', 'two', 'three']
f = frozenset(lst)
print(lst)
'''
"""
# Built in functions ---getattr(): Used to return an object property value .
class Test():
name = 'shunyuan'
def play(self):
pass
print(getattr(Test(), 'name'))
"""
"""
# Built in functions ---globals(): Returns all global variables of the current location in dictionary type .
print(globals()) # Return global variables
print(''.center(80, '*'))
print(locals()) # Returns the current variable ( If the current location is a global location , Is equivalent to globals(), If used in a function , Return the variables inside the corresponding function )
"""
"""
# Built in functions ---hasattr() : It is used to determine whether the object contains the corresponding properties .
class Test():
x = 'apple'
y = 'xiaomi'
def play(self):
pass
print(hasattr(Test(), 'x'))
print(hasattr(Test(), 'y'))
print(hasattr(Test(), 'z'))
"""
'''
# Built in functions ---hash(): Get an object （ String or number, etc ） Hash value of .
print(hash('abc'))
print(hash('testadmin'))
name1=' Normal program code '
name2=' Normal program code contains virus '
print(hash(name1)) # 2403189487915500087
print(hash(name2)) # -8751655075885266653
'''
"""
# Built in functions ---help(): A detailed description of the purpose of a function or module .
print(help('sys'))
print(help('os'))
print(help([1, 2, 3]))
"""
"""
# Built in functions ---hex(): Converts a specified number to 16 Hexadecimal number .
print(hex(898))
"""
"""
# Built in objects ---id(): To get the memory address of the object .
print(id('abc'))
print(id(123))
"""
"""
# Built in objects ---len(): Returns the object （ character 、 list 、 Tuples etc. ） Length or number of items .
print(len('helloworld'))
print(len([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]))
print(len((1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)))
print(len({'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}))
print(len({'a': 'apple', 'b': 'huawei', 'c': 'xiaomi', 'd': 'oppo'}))
"""
'''
# Built in objects ---list(): Convert tuples or strings to lists .
print(list('abcdefg'))
print(list(('apple', 'huawei', 'xiaomi', 'oppo')))
print(list({'apple', 'huawei', 'xiaomi', 'oppo'}))
print(list({'apple1': 'ok', 'huawei1': 'error', 'xiaomi1': True, 'oppo1': False}))
'''
"""
# Built in functions ---map(): map() Function will map the specified sequence according to the function provided . The first parameter function Call... With each element in the parameter sequence function function , Return contain every time function The function returns a new list of values .
def square(x):
return x ** 2
res = map(square, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
for i in res:
print(i, end=',')
"""
'''
# Iteratable object
# lst = [' Monday ', ' Tuesday ', ' Wednesday ', ' Thursday ', ' Friday ']
# it = lst.__iter__() # Return iterator
# print(it.__next__())
# print(it.__next__())
# print(it.__next__())
# print(it.__next__())
# print(it.__next__())
'''
"""
# Built in functions ---max(): Returns the maximum value of the given parameter , Parameters can be sequences .
print(max((1, 5, 85, 3, 15, 95, 20)))
print(max([1, 5, 85, 3, 15, 95, 20]))
print(max({1, 5, 85, 3, 15, 95, 20}))
# Same as min()
"""
# Built in functions ---memoryview() Function returns the memory view object with the given parameter (Momory view). So called memory view object , Wrap the data that supports the buffer protocol , Allows without the need to copy objects Python Code access .
'''
# Built in functions ---iter(): Used to generate iterators .
lst = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
print(iter(lst)) # <list_iterator object at 0x0000014F7F2B24E0>
'''
"""
# Built in functions ---next(): Returns the next entry for the iterator .
# ' Iteratable object ' and ' iterator ' It's not a concept
lst = ['huawei', 'xiaomi', 'apple', 'oppo'] # Iteratable object
it = lst.__iter__() # iterator
print(next(it))
print(next(it))
print(next(it))
lst2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
it2 = iter(lst2)
print(next(it2))
print(next(it2))
print(next(it2))
print(next(it2))
"""
'''
# Built in functions ---oct(): Converts an integer to 8 Base string .
print(oct(8))
'''
"""
# Built in functions ---range(): Function returns an iteratable object （ Type is object ）, Not the list type , So when you print, you don't print the list .Python3 list() Functions are object iterators , You can put range() Turn the returned iteratable object into a list , The returned variable type is list .
for i in range(3):
print(i, ''.center(20, '*'))
for i in list(range(3)):
print(i, ''.center(20, '+'))
print(list(range(3)))
"""
'''
# Built in functions ---reversed(): Returns an inverted iterator .
# lst = 'hello world'
# lst = ('apple', 'huawei', 'xiaomi', 'oppo')
lst = ['apple', 'huawei', 'xiaomi', 'oppo']
print(list(reversed(lst)))
'''
"""
# Built in functions ---round(): Return floating point number x Round the value of .
print(round(70.46895))
print(round(70.56895))
print(round(70.54895, 1))
print(round(70.55895, 1))
print(round(70.55495, 2))
print(round(70.55595, 2))
"""
"""
# Built in functions ---set(): Creates an unordered set of non-repeating elements , Relationship testing is possible , Delete duplicate data , You can also compute the intersection 、 Difference set 、 And set etc. .
# print(set(123456)) # Report errors
print(set('abcdefabcdef'))
print(set(('apple', 'huawei', 'xiaomi')))
print(set(['apple', 'huawei', 'xiaomi']))
print(set({'apple', 'huawei', 'xiaomi'}))
print(set({'first': 'apple', 'second': 'huawei', 'third': 'xiaomi'}))
"""
'''
# Built in functions ---setattr(): The corresponding function is getattr(), Used to set property values , The attribute does not necessarily exist .
class Test():
def play(self):
pass
t = Test() # Class
setattr(t, 'name', ' Newton ')
print(getattr(t, 'name'))
print(t.name)
'''
"""
# Built in functions ---slice(): Implement slice object , It is mainly used for parameter passing in slice operation function .slice(stop) perhaps slice(start, stop[, step])
print(slice(5)) # slice(None, 5, None)
lst = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
print(lst[:])
print(lst[2:])
print(lst[:5])
print(lst[0:5])
print(lst[2:5])
print(lst[::2])
print(lst[1:6:2])
print(lst[slice(2)]) # If you pass a parameter, it is the end position of the identification
print(lst[slice(6)]) # If you pass a parameter, it is the end position of the identification
print(lst[slice(2, 6)]) # Pass two parameters to identify : Starting position , End position
print(lst[slice(2, 8, 1)]) # Pass two parameters to identify : Starting position , End position
print(lst[slice(2, 8, 2)]) # Pass three parameters to identify : Starting position , End position , step
print(lst[slice(1, 9)]) # Pass two parameters to identify : Starting position , End position
print(''.center(20, '*'))
print(lst[slice(-1, -8, -2)]) # Pass two parameters to identify : Starting position , End position
"""
'''
# Built in functions ---sorted(): Sort all iteratable objects .sort And sorted difference ：sort Is used in the list The method on the ,sorted You can sort all iterable objects .list Of sort Method returns an operation on an existing list , And built-in functions sorted Method returns a new one list, Instead of operating on the basis of the original .
# lst = [1, 5, 3, 10, 4, 86, 45, 1, 30, 5, 62, 95, 5]
# lst.sort()
# print(lst)
lst = {1, 5, 3, 10, 4, 86, 45, 1, 30, 5, 62, 95, 5}
print(sorted(lst))
s = 'hello world! abc ABC'
print(sorted(s))
t = (1, 5, 3, 10, 4, 86, 45, 1, 30, 5, 62, 95, 5)
print(sorted(t))
lst2 = [1, 5, 3, 10, 4, 86, 45, 1, 30, 5, 62, 95, 5]
print(sorted(lst2))
dic = {103: "xiaomi", 101: 'huawei', 102: 'apple', 104: 'vivo'}
print(sorted(dic))
'''
"""
# Built in functions ---str() Convert to string object .
s = 'abc'
print(s)
print(str(s))
print(type(str(s)))
lst = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
print(lst)
print(str(lst))
print(type(str(lst)))
t = ('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
print(t)
print(str(t))
print(type(str(t)))
"""
'''
# Built in functions ---sum(): Sum the series .
lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
print(sum(lst))
t = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
print(sum(t))
se = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
print(sum(se))
dic = {12: 'apple', 56: 'huawei'}
print(sum(dic))
'''
"""
# Built in functions - --tuple(): Convert list to tuple .
print(tuple('abcd'))
print(tuple(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']))
print(tuple(('a', 'b', 'c', 'd')))
print(tuple({'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}))
print(tuple({'a': 'ok', 'b': 'error', 'c': True, 'd': False}))
"""
'''
# Built in functions ---type(): If you only have the first parameter, return the type of the object , Three parameters return the new type object .isinstance() And type() difference ：type() A subclass is not considered a superclass type , Do not consider inheritance relationships .isinstance() Think of a subclass as a superclass type , Consider inheritance relationships . It is recommended if you want to determine whether two types are the same isinstance().
print(type(1))
print(type(1) == int)
'''
"""
# Built in functions ---vars() : Returns the object object Dictionary object for properties and property values .
class Test():
def __init__(self):
self.name = ' Newton '
self.age = 400
self.sex = ' male '
def play(self):
print(vars(self))
# print(vars(Test))
Test().play()
"""
'''
# zip() Function to take iteratable objects as parameters , Package the corresponding elements in the object into tuples , And then return the objects made up of these tuples , The advantage is that it saves a lot of memory . We can use list() Convert to output list . If the number of elements in each iterator is inconsistent , Returns a list of the same length as the shortest object , utilize * The operator , Tuples can be unzipped into lists .
print(list(zip([100, 200, 300])))
s1 = 'abc'
s2 = 'wxyz'
print(zip(s1, s2))
print(list(zip(s1, s2)))
print(list(zip(s2, s1)))
lst1 = ['first', 'second', 'third']
lst2 = ['xiaomi', 'huawei', 'apple']
print(zip(lst1, lst2))
print(list(zip(lst1, lst2)))
t1 = ('first', 'second', 'third')
t2 = ('xiaomi', 'huawei', 'apple')
print(zip(t1, t2))
print(list(zip(t1, t2)))
se1 = {'first', 'second', 'third'}
se2 = {'xiaomi', 'huawei', 'apple'}
print(list(zip(se1, se2)))
dic1 = {'first': 100, 'second': 200, 'third': 300}
dic2 = {'huawei': 111, 'xiaomi': 222, 'apple': 333}
print(list(zip(dic1, dic2)))
'''
"""
# Transfer of formal parameters : *args--- Accept location parameters , **kwargs--- Accept keyword parameters ; among , Position parameter in front , Keyword parameter after . *args and **kwargs It means parameter aggregation
def func(*args, **kwargs):
print(args) # A tuple type
print(kwargs) # Dictionary type
# func('apple', 'huawei', 'xiaomi', name=' Newton ', age=400, sex=' male ')
# Transfer of arguments : If the actual parameter is preceded by a '*' Number , Indicates the scatter position parameter ; If you add two '**' number , Indicates that the keyword parameters are scattered ; among : When dispersing position parameters , except int Out of type , Other types are OK ; When dispersing keyword parameters , Can only be dictionary type
func(*'apple', *{'first', 'second', 'third'}, *['sex', 'age', 'name'], *('good', 'bad', 'error', 'success'),
*{'one': True, 'two': False}, **{'car': ' Mercedes ', 'price': '100 ten thousand '})
"""
'''
# Packaging compression
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [' Apple ', ' Huawei ', ' millet ']
c = ['one', 'two', 'third']
d = ['sex', 'name', 'age']
print(list(zip(a, b, c, d))) # A list of tuples
m, n, p = zip(a, b, c, d)
print(m)
print(n)
print(p)
# deconstruction ( Unpack )
x, y = zip(*[(1, ' Apple '), (2, ' Huawei '), (3, ' millet ')])
print(x)
print(y)
'''
