This is mainly the rear end , The front-end code is not shown , If you need code, you can comment or send a private letter
User registration 、 Login related ：
Register with mailbox , And send the verification code to the mailbox to judge , A mailbox can only register one account
Home page related ：
Users can post questions and answer after logging in , It also provides search function , Show all the questions on the front page
Search for ：
Comment on :
blueprints:
The project blueprint includes the logical implementation of Q & A and the logical time of users
migrations：
Project database migration
static、templates：
Front-end correlation ,css、html Documents, etc.
The main thing is to design a user table user surface , A mailbox corresponds to a verification code EmailCaptcha Table of , A problem question surface , A comment Answer surface
utilize flask Provided in SQLAlchemy We don't have to write it ourselves SQL Code , Just use object-oriented thinking
（1） newly build db object
Because it is needed in many files db object , So use a special file etx.py Store , And in app.py Initialize in ：
etx.py:
from flask_mail import Mail from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy db = SQLAlchemy() mail = Mail()app.py:
app = Flask(__name__) # Configuration item app.config.from_object(config) db.init_app(app) mail.init_app(app) migrate = Migrate(app, db) # Assembly blueprint take book、course、user Modules are assembled in main.py in app.register_blueprint(qa_bp) app.register_blueprint(user_bp)(2) Configuration database ：
# Configuration variables of the database HOSTNAME = '127.0.0.1' PORT = '3306' DATABASE = 'flask' USERNAME = 'root' PASSWORD = '*****' DB_URI = 'mysql+pymysql://{}:{}@{}:{}/{}'.format(USERNAME, PASSWORD, HOSTNAME, PORT, DATABASE) SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI= DB_URI # Close database modification tracking operation [ Improve performance ], It can be set to True, This allows you to track operations ： SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS=False # Turn on the output of the underlying execution sql sentence SQLALCHEMY_ECHO = True（3） Design models：
from exts import db class EmailCaptchaModel(db.Model): __tablename__="email_captcha" id=db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True) email=db.Column(db.String(100),nullable=True,unique=True) captcha=db.Column(db.String(10),nullable=False) create_time=db.Column(db.DateTime) class UserModel(db.Model): __tablename__ = "user" id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True) username = db.Column(db.String(200),nullable=False,unique=True) email = db.Column(db.String(100),nullable=False,unique=True) password = db.Column(db.String(200),nullable=False) join_time = db.Column(db.DateTime) class QuestionModel(db.Model): __tablename__ = "question" id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True) title = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False) content = db.Column(db.Text,nullable=False) create_time = db.Column(db.DateTime) author_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey("user.id")) author = db.relationship("UserModel",backref="questions") class AnswerModel(db.Model): __tablename__ = "answer" id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True) content = db.Column(db.Text,nullable=False) create_time = db.Column(db.DateTime) question_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey("question.id")) author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("user.id")) question = db.relationship("QuestionModel",backref=db.backref("answers",order_by=create_time.desc())) author = db.relationship("UserModel",backref="answers")（4） Generate database
utilize flask The database migration function provided in can be migrated directly after updating the database
Enter... On the command line
step1：
flask db initAfter this statement is executed, the... In the above file will be generated migrate Folder
step2：
flask db migratestep3：
flask db upgradeUpdate complete ！
Click send verification code during registration and send verification code information to the registered mailbox through a fixed mailbox , At the same time, it is stored in the database to verify whether the input verification code is consistent with the received verification code .
Mainly to make use of flask_mail Send by email .
（1） Mailbox settings
# Mailbox configuration # What is used in the project QQ mailbox MAIL_SERVER = "smtp.qq.com" MAIL_PORT = 465 MAIL_USE_TLS = False MAIL_USE_SSL = True MAIL_DEBUG = True MAIL_USERNAME = "[email protected]" MAIL_PASSWORD = "*****" MAIL_DEFAULT_SENDER = "[email protected]"（2） Get the verification code
You can test in the browser
@bp.route("/captcha", methods=['POST']) def get_captcha(): email = request.form.get("email") # from letters Random extraction from the set 4 Generated verification code letters A set is a collection of English and numbers letters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits captcha = "".join(random.sample(letters, 4)) if email: message = Message( subject=" Mailbox test ", recipients=[email], body=f" Your registration verification code is ：{captcha}" ) mail.send(message) # Store in database : Through the first email The query , If the email Just update captcha Just go , If it doesn't exist, add a record captcha_model = EmailCaptchaModel.query.filter_by(email=email).first() if captcha_model: captcha_model.captcha = captcha # captcha_model.create_time=datetime.time.now() db.session.commit() else: captcha_model = EmailCaptchaModel(email=email, captcha=captcha) db.session.add(captcha_model) db.session.commit() print("captcha:", captcha) return jsonify({"code": 200, "message": "suceess"}) else: return jsonify({"code": 400, "message": "mail It's empty "})
（1） Determine whether the registration and login forms meet the requirements
Can be used directly flask Medium wtforms Format restrictions ：
Create a new one forms.py：
import wtforms from wtforms.validators import length,email,EqualTo,InputRequired from models import EmailCaptchaModel,UserModel class LoginForm(wtforms.Form): email = wtforms.StringField(validators=[email()]) password = wtforms.StringField(validators=[length(min=6,max=20)]) class RegisterForm(wtforms.Form): username = wtforms.StringField(validators=[length(min=3,max=20,message=" The length is in 3 and 20 Between ")]) email = wtforms.StringField(validators=[email()]) captcha = wtforms.StringField(validators=[length(min=4, max=4)]) password = wtforms.StringField(validators=[length(min=6,max=20,message=" The length is in 6 and 20 Between ")]) password_confirm = wtforms.StringField(validators=[EqualTo("password")]) def validate_captcha(self,field): captcha = field.data email = self.email.data captcha_model = EmailCaptchaModel.query.filter_by(email=email).first() print(captcha_model.captcha) if not captcha_model or captcha_model.captcha.lower() != captcha.lower(): print(" Verification code error ") raise wtforms.ValidationError(" Mailbox verification code error ！") def validate_email(self,field): email = field.data user_model = UserModel.query.filter_by(email=email).first() if user_model: print(" The mailbox already exists ") raise wtforms.ValidationError(" The mailbox already exists ！") class QuestionForm(wtforms.Form): title = wtforms.StringField(validators=[length(min=3, max=200)]) content = wtforms.StringField(validators=[length(min=5)]) class AnswerForm(wtforms.Form): content = wtforms.StringField(validators=[length(min=1)])（2） register
Registration is mainly to judge whether the format is correct , And determine whether the verification code is correct , If correct , A new generation user Object inserted into user In the table . At the same time, the password is encrypted for storage
@bp.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def register(): if request.method == 'GET': return render_template("register.html") else: form = RegisterForm(request.form) if form.validate(): print(" Verify success ") username = form.username.data email = form.email.data password = form.password.data # Password encryption hash_password = generate_password_hash(password=password) captcha = form.captcha.data create_time = datetime.datetime.now() # 1. adopt email Inquire about user surface If it exists, notify the user that it already exists New if it doesn't exist user_model = UserModel.query.filter_by(email=email).first() if user_model: print(" The mailbox has been registered , Please re-enter ") return redirect(url_for("user.register")) user = UserModel(username=username, email=email, password=hash_password, join_time=create_time) db.session.add(user) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for("user.login")) else: print(" Registration verification failed ") return redirect(url_for("user.register"))(3) Sign in
First, check whether this user exists , If yes, perform password verification
@bp.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST']) def login(): """ Sign in ：guest1:123456 0. Pass the verification 1. Find out by email user_model 2. If it exists, compare whether the password is correct correct ： Login successful Incorrect ： Wrong password 3. Does not exist directly prompts the user that does not exist and returns to the registration page """ if request.method == 'GET': return render_template("login.html") else: form = LoginForm(request.form) if form.validate(): email = form.email.data password_input = form.password.data user_model = UserModel.query.filter_by(email=email).first() if user_model: if check_password_hash(user_model.password, password=password_input): print(" Login successful ") session['user_id'] = user_model.id return redirect("/") else: print(" Wrong password ") flash(" Wrong password ") return redirect(url_for("user.login")) else: print(" The user does not exist , Please register ") flash(" The user does not exist , Please register ") return redirect(url_for("user.register")) else: print(" Please enter the account or password in the correct format ") flash(" Please enter the account or password in the correct format ") return redirect(url_for("user.login"))（4） Log out
Delete session that will do
@bp.route('/logout') def logout(): session.clear() # eliminate session Can be return redirect(url_for("user.login"))
Users cannot publish Q & a when they are not logged in , This can be achieved by using a decorator
""" Decorator """ from flask import g, redirect, url_for from functools import wraps """ If you are not logged in, you cannot access , Go to the login page If you are logged in, the normal logic processing """ def login_required(func): @wraps(func) def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): if hasattr(g, "user"): return func(*args, **kwargs) else: print(" Cannot access without logging in ") return redirect(url_for("user.login")) return wrapperAdd... To the method that requires access restriction
@bp.route('/public_question', methods=['GET', 'POST']) @login_required def public_question():You can set the access permissions ！！！
Q & a function ： In fact, it is to generate a QuestionModel, Will meet the requirements of Question Store in database
（1）QuestionModel：
class QuestionModel(db.Model): __tablename__ = "question" id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True) title = db.Column(db.String(200), nullable=False) content = db.Column(db.Text,nullable=False) create_time = db.Column(db.DateTime) author_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey("user.id")) author = db.relationship("UserModel",backref="questions")（2） Form validation ：
class QuestionForm(wtforms.Form): title = wtforms.StringField(validators=[length(min=3, max=200)]) content = wtforms.StringField(validators=[length(min=5)])（3） Q & a function
@bp.route('/public_question', methods=['GET', 'POST']) @login_required def public_question(): """ Post Q & A """ if request.method == 'GET': return render_template("public_question.html") else: form = QuestionForm(request.form) if form.validate(): title = form.title.data content = form.content.data create_time = datetime.datetime.now() question = QuestionModel(title=title, content=content, author=g.user, create_time=create_time) db.session.add(question) db.session.commit() print(" Successful Q & a release ") return redirect(url_for("qa.index")) else: flash(" Incorrect format ") return redirect(url_for("qa.public_question"))（4） Problem details view
@bp.route("/question/<int:question_id>") def question_detail(question_id): question = QuestionModel.query.get(question_id) return render_template("detail.html", question=question)（5） Problem search
You can query and search in both title and content , Only if one of them is met, it will be output
@bp.route('/search') def search(): q = request.args.get("q") questions = QuestionModel.query.filter( or_(QuestionModel.title.contains(q), QuestionModel.content.contains(q))).order_by(db.text("create_time")) print(" The search results ", questions == None) if questions: return render_template("index.html", questions=questions) else: print(" Search results are empty ") return " Search results are empty "
Comments can be made after posting questions , A process consistent with the problem
（1） Generate AnswerModel：
class AnswerModel(db.Model): __tablename__ = "answer" id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True) content = db.Column(db.Text,nullable=False) create_time = db.Column(db.DateTime) question_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey("question.id")) author_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey("user.id")) question = db.relationship("QuestionModel",backref=db.backref("answers",order_by=create_time.desc())) author = db.relationship("UserModel",backref="answers")（2） Generate form validation ：
class AnswerForm(wtforms.Form): content = wtforms.StringField(validators=[length(min=1)])（3） Comment
@bp.route("/answer/<int:question_id>", methods=['POST']) @login_required def answer(question_id): form = AnswerForm(request.form) if form.validate(): content = form.content.data create_time = datetime.datetime.now() answer_model = AnswerModel(content=content, author=g.user, question_id=question_id, create_time=create_time) db.session.add(answer_model) db.session.commit() return redirect(url_for("qa.question_detail", question_id=question_id)) else: flash(" Form validation failed ！") return redirect(url_for("qa.question_detail", question_id=question_id))
It is a simple small project to practice hands , Novices can see this to get started directly , But the project also needs to be improved , For example, you can also set up avatars for registration , In this way, you can display your avatar on the home page .
