安裝 Pipenv
Pipenv 是一個生產流的工具，旨在將最好的打包世界（ bundler, composer, npm, cargo, yarn, etc. ）帶入 Python 世界。它將 Pipfile、pip 和 virtualenv 整合到一個命令中。
我們可以使用 pip 命令安裝
pip3 install --user pipenv：
$ pip3 install --user pipenv
Collecting pipenv
Downloading pipenv-2022.5.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (3.9 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 3.9 MB 634 kB/s
Collecting virtualenv-clone>=0.2.5
Downloading virtualenv_clone-0.5.7-py3-none-any.whl (6.6 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from pipenv) (2019.11.28)
Collecting pip>=22.0.4
Downloading pip-22.1.2-py3-none-any.whl (2.1 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 2.1 MB 2.3 MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=36.2.1 in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from pipenv) (45.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: virtualenv in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from pipenv) (20.0.17)
Installing collected packages: virtualenv-clone, pip, pipenv
Successfully installed pip-22.1.2 pipenv-2022.5.2 virtualenv-clone-0.5.7為什麼推薦使用 pipenv，因為它會自動為您的項目創建和管理虛擬環境 virtualenv，並在您安裝/卸載包時從您的 Pipfile 中添加/刪除包。它還生成非常重要的 Pipfile.lock，用於生成確定性構建。
安裝 Django
創建一個項目文件夾
mytodo ：
$ mkdir mytodo
$ cd mytodo Django 是一個高級 Python Web 框架，它鼓勵快速開發和簡潔、實用的設計。它由經驗豐富的開發人員構建，解決了 Web 開發的大部分麻煩，因此您可以專注於編寫應用程序，而無需重新發明輪子。它是免費和開源的。
使用
pipenv install django 在虛擬環境中安裝您的 django 框架：
$ sudo pipenv install django
Creating a virtualenv for this project...
Pipfile: /home/wade/PythonProject/mytodo/Pipfile
Using /usr/bin/python3 (3.8.10) to create virtualenv...
⠼ Creating virtual environment...created virtual environment CPython3.8.10.final.0-64 in 439ms
creator CPython3Posix(dest=/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/mytodo--AJz7sim, clear=False, global=False)
seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=latest, setuptools=latest, wheel=latest, pkg_resources=latest, via=copy, app_data_dir=/root/.local/share/virtualenv/seed-app-data/v1.0.1.debian.1)
activators BashActivator,CShellActivator,FishActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator,XonshActivator
Successfully created virtual environment!
Virtualenv location: /root/.local/share/virtualenvs/mytodo--AJz7sim
Creating a Pipfile for this project...
Installing django...
Adding django to Pipfile's [packages]...
Installation Succeeded
Pipfile.lock not found, creating...
Locking [dev-packages] dependencies...
Locking [packages] dependencies...
Building requirements...
Resolving dependencies...
Success!
Updated Pipfile.lock (a6086c)!
Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (a6086c)...
▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉ 0/0 — 00:00:00
To activate this project's virtualenv, run pipenv shell.
Alternatively, run a command inside the virtualenv with pipenv run.驗證安裝
- 使用
pipenv run python3 激活 python 環境
- 導入 django 包：
import django
- 打印 django 版本：
print(django.get_version())
驗證 Django 安裝成功：
$ sudo pipenv run python3
Python 3.8.10 (default, Mar 15 2022, 12:22:08)
[GCC 9.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import django
>>> print(django.get_version())
4.0.5
>>>
啟動 django 程序
使用
pipenv run python3 manage.py runserver 來啟動默認的 django 程序：
$ sudo pipenv run python3 manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
You have 18 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
June 07, 2022 - 07:54:34
Django version 4.0.5, using settings 'todobackend.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
[07/Jun/2022 07:55:05] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 10697
[07/Jun/2022 07:55:07] "GET /static/admin/css/fonts.css HTTP/1.1" 200 423
[07/Jun/2022 07:55:16] "GET /static/admin/fonts/Roboto-Bold-webfont.woff HTTP/1.1" 200 86184
[07/Jun/2022 07:55:16] "GET /static/admin/fonts/Roboto-Regular-webfont.woff HTTP/1.1" 200 85876
[07/Jun/2022 07:55:16] "GET /static/admin/fonts/Roboto-Light-webfont.woff HTTP/1.1" 200 85692
Not Found: /favicon.ico
[07/Jun/2022 07:55:18] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 2115
訪問本地服務器地址
http://127.0.0.1:8000/，即可看到如下界面，django 程序啟動成功：
總結
本文先介紹了一個非常好用的 Python 項目環境與依賴管理工具 pipenv，然後進行本地環境安裝 pipenv ，通過 pipenv 進行 django 項目的管理，最後介紹了 django 虛擬環境中安裝到啟動一個 django 程序。
參考鏈接：
- pipenv：https://pypi.org/project/pipenv/
- Writing your first Django app
