This article will mainly explain Python in Web Basic theory of automated testing 、Webdriver Environment construction and some basic common operations of automated testing , In addition, there is a portal for a series of articles below , It's still being updated , Interested partners can also go to check , Don't talk much , Let's have a look ~
Series articles ：
Series articles 1：【Python automated testing 1】 meet Python The beauty of the
Series articles 2：【Python automated testing 2】Python Installation configuration and PyCharm Basic use
Series articles 3：【Python automated testing 3】 First knowledge of data types and basic syntax
Series articles 4：【Python automated testing 4】 Summary of string knowledge
Series articles 5：【Python automated testing 5】 List and tuple knowledge summary
Series articles 6：【Python automated testing 6】 Dictionary and collective knowledge summary
Series articles 7：【Python automated testing 7】 Data operator knowledge collection
Series articles 8：【Python automated testing 8】 Explanation of process control statement
Series articles 9：【Python automated testing 9】 Function knowledge collection
Series articles 10：【Python automated testing 10】 File basic operation
Series articles 11：【Python automated testing 11】 modular 、 Package and path knowledge collection
Series articles 12：【Python automated testing 12】 Knowledge collection of exception handling mechanism
Series articles 13：【Python automated testing 13】 class 、 object 、 Collection of attribute and method knowledge
Series articles 14：【Python automated testing 14】Python Basic and advanced exercises of automatic test
Series articles 15：【Python automated testing 15】unittest The core concept and function of test framework
Series articles 16：【Python automated testing 16】 Test case data separation
Series articles 17：【Python automated testing 17】openpyxl Secondary packaging and data driven
Series articles 18：【Python automated testing 18】 Configuration file analysis and practical application
Series articles 19：【Python automated testing 19】 Log system logging Explain
Series articles 20：【Python automated testing 20】 Construction of interface automation test framework model
Series articles 21：【Python automated testing 21】 Interface automation test practice 1 _ Interface concept 、 Project introduction and test process Q & A
Series articles 22：【Python automated testing 22】 Interface automation test practice II _ Interface framework modification and use case optimization
Series articles 23：【Python automated testing 23】 Interface automation test practice III _ Dynamic parameterization and data forgery
Series articles 24：【Python automated testing 24】 Interface automation test practice IV _Python Operating the database
Series articles 25：【Python automated testing 25】 Interface automation test practice 5 _ Database assertion 、 Interface Association and related management optimization
Series articles 26：【Python automated testing 26】 Interface automation test practice 6 _pytest frame +allure Explain
What is? Web automated testing ？ Easy to understand ,Web Automated testing is the replacement of manual testing operations through code or tools , It belongs to simulated manual operation ,Web There are many tools for automated testing , There are many ways , There are mainly selenium,cypress,playwright etc. ,selenium At present, the most mainstream , Use selenium There are also many advantages ：
""" selenium The advantages of 1、selenium Rich information , When you have questions and difficulties, you can look up the information at any time 2、selenium It is relatively easy to find a job ,HR Prefer to choose mainstream tools 、 Framework Test Engineer 3、 Support for multiple languages (Java / Python / go / js) 4、 Supports remote , And multiple browsers 5、 The current first choice in the industry , Industry mainstream """
selenium The installation of requires certain dependencies , This is to install selenium For automated testing Necessary condition , There are three main dependencies ：
""" selenium Installation dependency ： 1、 browser ( Suggest Google Chrome / firefox ) 2、selenium webdriver 3、python binding """
""" selenium Installation steps ： 1、pip install selenium 2、 download Webdriver,Chrome The browser downloads through the official download or image , Corresponding to the browser version ( Currently known through testing 71 Version is a very compatible version ) 3、 Put in Python Installation directory or anywhere else """
Driver download ：
Google browser corresponds to the driver version and the download link ：
Super easy to use domestic image source ：chrom Browser domestic image source
chrome Version history ：chrom Version history
Google official version ：chrom Official version
Edge The browser corresponds to the driver version and the download link ：
Edge browser ：Edge browser
IE The browser corresponds to the driver version and the download link ：
IE Official version ：Github Official version
Safari The browser corresponds to the driver version and the download link ：
Safari browser ：Safari browser
matters needing attention ：
The driver must be compatible with the browser version , For example, the browser version is 71, Then download it. 71 The driver
After downloading, put it into the corresponding Python root directory
After installation , We need to check whether the installation is successful , You can enter the following code and run , Check whether the installation is successful ：
# Import selenium package
from selenium import webdriver
# open Google browser , Chrome title case
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
First of all, let's have a brief introduction to selenium The basic usage syntax of , Grammar is fixed grammar , Just remember
# Import selenium package
from selenium import webdriver
# open Google browser , Chrome title case
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# window maximizing , Special attention is needed here , Generally speaking, after we open a browser , The first step is to maximize the window , To prevent the element from positioning failure
driver.maximize_window()
# Use get Way to request Baidu page
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
# Print the current browser address
print(driver.current_url)
# Get the page title
print(driver.title)
# Go to another website
driver.get("https://www.iqiyi.com")
# back off
driver.back()
# Forward
driver.forward()
# Refresh
driver.refresh()
# Close the current window
driver.close()
# Close the entire browser and close the driver at the same time chromedriver
driver.quit()
We need to know what elements are before we locate them , Element is a tag customized by the developer for the layout of a web page , We can find a specific precise location by developing the elements of the tag , This process is called element localization , Like using automated software to control input , The first step is to find the input field first , Then input operation can be carried out , Click on execute 、 double-click 、 Before dragging and other simulated manual operations , We all need to locate the elements first
stay selenium There are mainly 8 The orientation of big elements , Refer to the following ：
""" selenium Eight elements positioning way ： 1、id 2、name 3、class name 4、link text 5、partial link text 6、tag name 7、xpath 8、css selector """
""" There are actually 30 A way of positioning , But in most cases , Use this 8 This way can accurately locate """
The way elements are positioned is simple , Take Baidu's input box as an example , There are two main positioning methods , The author has only one way to introduce the screenshot ：
""" Mode one ： 1、 Press select when entering Baidu page F12 2、 Click the check element arrow , Click the position of the text input box again 3、 View element results -- When selected, there will be a line of light blue or other color special marks in Google browser by default Mode two ： 1、 Right click the text input box when entering Baidu page 2、 Choose " Check " Button -- Select to automatically navigate to the corresponding row """
Baidu search is realized through element positioning , The specific way to adopt elements needs to be determined according to the actual situation , In this search , Baidu's search box can see id Elements , So we use id Just locate the element , Interested students can also try other ways they have ：
""" Realize the idea ： 1、 Initialize browser 2、 Open Baidu interface 3、 Locate Baidu text input box 4、 input data 5、 Click Baidu button """
import time
from selenium import webdriver
# Initialize a Google browser
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# Open the baidu interface
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
# Maximization window
driver.maximize_window()
# Through elements id, The value is kw Locate the text input box of Baidu
input_text = driver.find_element("id", "kw")
# Input text
input_text.send_keys(" How to marry Bai Fumi to the peak of life ")
# Through elements id, The value is su Position Baidu button
baidu_button = driver.find_element("id", "su")
# Click on " use Baidu Search " Button
baidu_button.click()
# Mandatory waiting 3 Second
time.sleep(3)
# Close the browser
driver.quit()
All right. ~ The above is all the content shared in this article , Have you learned ？ I hope I can help you ！
