This article will mainly explain selenium Three waiting modes in , In addition, there is a portal for a series of articles below , It's still being updated , Interested partners can also go to check , Don't talk much , Let's have a look ~
Series articles ：
Series articles 1：【Python automated testing 1】 meet Python The beauty of the
Series articles 2：【Python automated testing 2】Python Installation configuration and PyCharm Basic use
Series articles 3：【Python automated testing 3】 First knowledge of data types and basic syntax
Series articles 4：【Python automated testing 4】 Summary of string knowledge
Series articles 5：【Python automated testing 5】 List and tuple knowledge summary
Series articles 6：【Python automated testing 6】 Dictionary and collective knowledge summary
Series articles 7：【Python automated testing 7】 Data operator knowledge collection
Series articles 8：【Python automated testing 8】 Explanation of process control statement
Series articles 9：【Python automated testing 9】 Function knowledge collection
Series articles 10：【Python automated testing 10】 File basic operation
Series articles 11：【Python automated testing 11】 modular 、 Package and path knowledge collection
Series articles 12：【Python automated testing 12】 Knowledge collection of exception handling mechanism
Series articles 13：【Python automated testing 13】 class 、 object 、 Collection of attribute and method knowledge
Series articles 14：【Python automated testing 14】Python Basic and advanced exercises of automatic test
Series articles 15：【Python automated testing 15】unittest The core concept and function of test framework
Series articles 16：【Python automated testing 16】 Test case data separation
Series articles 17：【Python automated testing 17】openpyxl Secondary packaging and data driven
Series articles 18：【Python automated testing 18】 Configuration file analysis and practical application
Series articles 19：【Python automated testing 19】 Log system logging Explain
Series articles 20：【Python automated testing 20】 Construction of interface automation test framework model
Series articles 21：【Python automated testing 21】 Interface automation test practice 1 _ Interface concept 、 Project introduction and test process Q & A
Series articles 22：【Python automated testing 22】 Interface automation test practice II _ Interface framework modification and use case optimization
Series articles 23：【Python automated testing 23】 Interface automation test practice III _ Dynamic parameterization and data forgery
Series articles 24：【Python automated testing 24】 Interface automation test practice IV _Python Operating the database
Series articles 25：【Python automated testing 25】 Interface automation test practice 5 _ Database assertion 、 Interface Association and related management optimization
Series articles 26：【Python automated testing 26】 Interface automation test practice 6 _pytest frame +allure Explain
Series articles 27：【Python automated testing 27】Web Automated testing theory 、 Environment construction and common operations
Series articles 28：【Python automated testing 28】html Basic grammar
Series articles 29：【Python automated testing 29】Xpath、 Axis operation and CSS Detailed explanation of element positioning
stay selenium There are three ways to wait , Namely Mandatory waiting 、 The recessive waiting as well as Explicit wait .
Waiting mode The main function is to prevent elements from being successfully located , Sometimes computers are more Carton 、 Web browser Slow loading , Or occasionally The network fluctuated Will cause a button 、 The loading speed of the picture becomes slow or will not be loaded for a while and a half , But the execution efficiency of the code is very fast , This is likely to result in when the code is executing , The web browser is still loaded , You can't see a button or interface in the page at all , Then the element search will naturally fail , So the three waiting is to solve this problem .
Mandatory waiting ： Mandatory waiting, as the name suggests, is mandatory waiting , If in selenium Forced waiting is set in , It means you have to wait whether you find the element or not X second , The grammar is time.sleep( Number of seconds ), for example time.sleep(3) -> Mandatory wait on behalf of 3 Second , Generally speaking, it will not be added when automated testing or self-developed tools time.sleep(), The main reason is the uncertain time factor of waiting , Short time may fail , A long time may cause a waste of time , Therefore, it is not often used in testing , But forced waiting also has advantages , Can be used when debugging is needed , This can clearly show the execution logic and steps .
The recessive waiting ： from webdriver Methods provided , After setting, the implicit wait will take effect globally , It does not target an element , That is, when locating elements , You need to wait until all elements of the page are loaded , Will execute the next statement . If the set time is exceeded, an exception is thrown , The grammar is ：driver.implicitly_wait( Number of seconds ) , But implicit waiting has certain limitations , Can only be used when looking for elements , It can only judge whether the element has been successfully loaded , For example, when the registration button of a website is grayed out , Then implicit waiting cannot be operated , When switching windows , You can't use implicit waiting
Explicit wait ： Explicit waiting can be used in different scenarios , such as ： Wait for whether an element can be clicked 、 Whether an element is visible, etc , This is different from implicit waiting , Explicit waiting and implicit waiting do not conflict , Can exist at the same time . Fixed usage of explicit waiting ：
""" The use of explicit waiting ： 1、 Set up a wait / Timer , During this time, we will always look for this element and judge whether it meets a certain condition If in the meantime , Meet this condition , Then skip will be executed , If it does not meet the requirements, it will continue to do cyclic operation 2、 Set a condition , When this condition is met, you can jump out of the loop , If you are not satisfied, keep waiting """
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=10, poll_frequency=0.2)
locator = ("xpath", "'//input[@name="server" and @value="281"]'")
# wait for , Until a condition meets the requirements , Go and find locator Elements , Then judge whether it can be clicked , If you can't click, continue the cycle , If satisfied, click directly to continue
new_locator = wiat.until(expected_conditions.element_to_be_clickable(locator))
new_locator.click()
# Whether the element can be seen
ec.visibility_of_element_located(locator)
# Whether the element is loaded
ec.presence_of_element_located()
# Look at the title
ec.title_is(" Baidu ")
# One url Whether the corresponding content is included
ec.url_contains("http://www.baidu.com")
ketang_el.click()
As the name suggests, window switching is to switch the browser window , Sometimes we are doing automated testing or making some Web When using tools, you need to switch windows , Otherwise, it is impossible to locate the elements of the window without switching the window , Can't find the corresponding operation , stay selenium There are three main ways of window switching in ：
switch The way ： switch The way is a fixed usage , The grammar is ：driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[ Indexes ]), The fixed window can be found by subscript , So as to realize switching
iframe The way ： iframe It is equivalent to nesting a sub web page in a web page , We can't directly locate the content of sub pages , Need to use iframe The way ：
1、 If we find one iframe, We need to switch first , The syntax of one of them is ：driver.switch_to.frame("name attribute ")
2、 Another way is to find the switch first iframe Elements , Through driver.switch_to.frame(iframe_element) Way to find
3、 If only one iframe Under the circumstances , It's very convenient to index , You can quickly find , The grammar is driver.switch_to.frame(0), It should be noted that , Most of the time , We're not going to do this , It is possible to add... In subsequent iterations of some websites iframe, This may lead to positioning errors , So as to increase and modify the code 、 The cost of maintaining the code .
alert The way ： In some original web pages , Still keep alert The way , If you enter a web page and don't close it alert, Then the web content cannot be displayed completely , There is no way to carry out relevant operations , We go through driver.switch_to.alert You can switch in the same way , Be careful alert No parentheses after , And then use alert.accept() Shut down , In this way, the element can be located
All right. ~ The above is all the content shared in this article , Have you learned ？ I hope I can help you ！
