This article mainly explains Python What is a configuration file , How to use configuration files , What are the supported configuration files , In addition, there is a portal for a series of articles below , It's still being updated , Interested partners can also go to check , Don't talk much , Let's have a look ~
Series articles ：
Series articles 1：【Python automated testing 1】 meet Python The beauty of the
Series articles 2：【Python automated testing 2】Python Installation configuration and PyCharm Basic use
Series articles 3：【Python automated testing 3】 First knowledge of data types and basic syntax
Series articles 4：【Python automated testing 4】 Summary of string knowledge
Series articles 5：【Python automated testing 5】 List and tuple knowledge summary
Series articles 6：【Python automated testing 6】 Dictionary and collective knowledge summary
Series articles 7：【Python automated testing 7】 Data operator knowledge collection
Series articles 8：【Python automated testing 8】 Explanation of process control statement
Series articles 9：【Python automated testing 9】 Function knowledge collection
Series articles 10：【Python automated testing 10】 File basic operation
Series articles 11：【Python automated testing 11】 modular 、 Package and path knowledge collection
Series articles 12：【Python automated testing 12】 Knowledge collection of exception handling mechanism
Series articles 13：【Python automated testing 13】 class 、 object 、 Collection of attribute and method knowledge
Series articles 14：【Python automated testing 14】Python Basic and advanced exercises of automatic test
Series articles 15：【Python automated testing 15】unittest The core concept and function of test framework
Series articles 16：【Python automated testing 16】 Test case data separation
Series articles 17：【Python automated testing 17】openpyxl Secondary packaging and data driven
A configuration file is a file used to configure the parameters and initialization settings of a computer program , Without these configurations, the program may not run or affect the operation （ Running speed 、 Convenience, etc ）, The advantage of using a configuration file is , Some contents and environment runtime only need to modify the parameter contents of the configuration file , Without having to look in the code and modify , Improve convenience 、 Improve maintainability .
There are four main forms of configuration ：
The first is YAML、JSON、XML、TOML、INI、Linux In the system .bashrc A class , It is mainly used in the field of software testing , In the field of software testing , Most companies use the latest YAML Form as a configuration file , For example, database address 、 Storage of use case data and other contents , And a few companies still use the old INI Configuration form , You also need to understand and master .
The second is excel Form of form , stay excel There will be fixed... In the table title Represents the meaning of each field column , There are multiple columns , This is used to configure , Mostly used in the game field , Widely used in the game industry excel Form of form , It's already a normal state .
The third is py file ,py File for a pure Python It is very convenient for the project , It doesn't need to read data , Just import , The bad thing is , No, YAML This kind of flexible ,YAML Configuration files, whether they are Python、Java Other languages , All supported , And the data type supports many , and py Configuration file for , Can only be used for python, There are certain limitations .
The fourth is txt Text format , Identify by reading txt Text content , Generally speaking, it is a simple tool made by test engineers , It is provided to testers at the business level for use , To reduce the YAML This configuration is difficult to understand , It also avoids opening excel It's slow , With lightweight txt It's a good choice to replace .
YAML As the most common configuration file format , We have to master , Basic YAML The format reference is as follows ：
# host For address ,port Is the port ,database For database address , We can go through yaml Store this data as a configuration file
# yaml The document is similar to Python Dictionary , On the left is the key , On the right is the value , The colon must be followed by a space
# key You usually don't need quotation marks , Values are usually strings, and quotation marks are recommended
host: "www.baidu.com"
port: 8899
database: "127.10.10.1"
YAML Nesting is also supported , Advanced usage , You can use its own nesting or dictionary form ：
host: "www.baidu.com"
port: 8899
# This form of expression is nested
database:
url: "http://1314.520.sf"
port: 3306
name: " Cute little black house "
# It can also be modified into the form of a dictionary
database1: {
"url": "http://137.15.37.84", "Port": 8959, "name": " Cute white house "}
In addition to the dictionary , We can also use a list to store a set of data , There are also special list storage methods ：
# List storage
user: ["mxt", "CSDN", "test"]
# Another form of list storage
user1:
- "mxt1"
- "CSDN1"
- "test1"
ini Format is not the mainstream configuration format at present , Most new projects adopt YAML、Excel And so on , And a few companies still use the old version ini Profile format ,ini There are too many limitations , We learn to understand the corresponding content when we encounter this kind of configuration file 、 Able to read 、 understand , There is no need to study deeply , But you also need to understand .
A basic ini The format configuration is as follows ,ini The value of the configuration file in format is only string , Even if you enter an Arabic numeral ,ini The configuration file will also treat it as a string ,key and value The separator and YAML Different , The equal sign is used to split
# This is a ini Configuration format for
# The code block statement does not ini Options , So the choice is YAML file , When you copy the following to your ini The document time code segment will have special color identification and highlight
[default] # The default format
host=https://www.baidu.com
port=5656
[db] # Database related usage db
host=https://kingkou.blog.csdn.net/
port=3306
nmae= Meng Xiaotian
[excel] # Table related use excel
name=cases.xlsx
We use YAML Data storage , I must hope to use these data , Then you need to read the data , stay Python In the middle of YAML Data reading can use pyyaml, Need to go through first pip Installation , Read it after installation .
Read YAML The data is followed by Dictionaries The way to present ：
import yaml # Please note that , When importing here, it is not pyyaml, It's import yaml
with open("Demo.yaml", mode='r', encoding="utf-8") as my_yaml:
data = yaml.safe_load(my_yaml)
print(data)
YAML Support reading ,INI It also supports , When we're going to INI When reading data, you need to import a Python Built in modules , Data can be read after import ：
import configparser # Import to read ini Profile data
parser = configparser.ConfigParser() # Initialize the parser
parser.read("config.ini", encoding="utf-8") # Get the data through the parser object
data = parser.get("db", "name") # Two parameters need to be filled in ,section and option,section On behalf of the group ,option For options
print(data)
All right. ~ The above is all the content shared in this article , Have you learned ？ I hope I can help you ！
