HTML The pop-up window in
Selenium Positioning pop-up window
alert
confirm
prompt
Other methods
Determine the pop-up box
expand
Dialog box
summary
HTML The pop-up window in1、 In a real system , When some operations are completed, a dialog box will pop up to prompt , It is mainly divided into " Warning message box "," Confirmation message box "," Prompt message dialog " Three types of dialog boxes
2、 Warning message box ：alert
⑴ The warning message box provides a " determine " The button lets the user close the message box , And the message box is a modal dialog , That is to say, the user must close the message box before continuing the operation
3、 Confirmation message box (confirm)
⑴ The confirmation message box prompts the user with " Yes or no " problem , Users can choose " determine " Button and " Cancel " Button
4、 Prompt message dialog (prompt)
⑴ The prompt message box provides a text field , Users can enter an answer in this field in response to your prompt
⑵ The message box has a " determine " Button and a " Cancel " Button . choice " confirm " Will respond to the corresponding prompt message , choice " Cancel " The dialog box is closed
1、 stay Selenium If you simply locate the pop-up window , It can't be located
2、 Because of this Pop ups do not belong to HTML The elements of the , It belongs to the pop-up window of the browser ( By JavaScript Generated ), Therefore, the method of locating elements cannot be used to locate
⑴ Such elements are used F12 When selecting elements , You can't choose
3、Selenium Medium WebDriver The object provides switch_to_alert() Method orientation ( Capture ) To all kinds of pop ups (alert、confirm、prompt)
4、WebDriver There are mainly the following methods when handling pop ups for objects ：
⑴switch_to_alert()： Locate the pop-up dialog box
⑵text： Get dialog text value
⑶accept()： It's like clicking " confirm "
⑷dismiss()： It's like clicking " Cancel "
⑸send_keys()： The input values , This method can only be used in prompt Class used in the bullet box
5、 The basic idea ： First use the method switch_to_alert() Locate the alert Wait for the pop-up box , And then deal with it accordingly ( confirm 、 Cancel 、 The input values )
⑴ Be careful ： For the three types of pop-up boxes, the method of locating pop-up boxes is the same
alert1、alert Class pop-up box should be one of the most frequently encountered pop-up boxes in practice
example 1：
import timefrom selenium import webdriver# Get browser object driver = webdriver.Chrome()# Set the browser window size driver.maximize_window()# Enter Baidu home page driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')# Enter Baidu settings page driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='s-usersetting-top']").click()# open " Search settings "driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='s-user-setting-menu']/div/a[1]").click()time.sleep(1)# Click Save settings driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="se-setting-7"]/a[2]').click()# This will pop up alter Class dialog , Use switch_to_alert() Locate the pop-up window alter = driver.switch_to_alert()print(alter)print(driver.switch_to.alert)# Print the contents of the dialog box print(alter.text)# Click on the dialog box [ determine ] Button to close the dialog box alter.accept()time.sleep(2)# Close the dialog box and continue to operate the page driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(" Mice that are not afraid of cats A")"""<selenium.webdriver.common.alert.Alert object at 0x000001EDE7BBA7F0><selenium.webdriver.common.alert.Alert object at 0x000001EDE7BC8D68> Your preferences have been recorded """notes ：
1、 Write... In the editor switch_to_alert() Method, a horizontal line appears ( Delete line ), This means that the method is too old , It may be abandoned later
⑴ So we can also use switch_to.alert Method
2、 There is a slight gap between the two methods
⑴switch_to_alert()： Is a class method
⑵switch_to.alert： It's a class property
⑶ But both return values are the same ： It's all one alter object
3、 The bullet box must be in the current Selenium Point to... In the window ( On the same page ), So after closing the pop-up box , You can continue to operate the elements of this page
confirm1、 This kind of pop-up box is also common , But there is no similar pop-up box on the Internet , Just wrote a demo
example 2：
<html><head><script type="text/javascript"> function show_confirm() { var r=confirm(" Excuse me, ： Have you followed my blog ？"); }</script></head><body> <center> <input id="anjing" type="button" onclick="show_confirm()" value=" Am I , I have a surprise ！" /> <input id="kw" name="wd" class="s_ipt" value="" maxlength="255" autocomplete="off"> </center></body></html>example 3：
import timefrom selenium import webdriver# Get browser object driver = webdriver.Chrome()# Set the browser window size driver.maximize_window()# Enter the page driver.get('C:\\Py_Demo\\Demo\\Py_Project\\demo.html')# Click the button and a dialog box will pop up driver.find_element_by_id("mouse").click()time.sleep(1)# Positioning dialog alter = driver.switch_to.alertprint(alter)# Print the contents of the dialog box print(alter.text)# Click on the dialog box [ determine ] Button to close the dialog box # alter.accept()# Click on the dialog box [ Cancel ] Button to close the dialog box alter.dismiss()time.sleep(1)# Close the dialog box and continue to operate the page driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(" Mice that are not afraid of cats A")"""<selenium.webdriver.common.alert.Alert object at 0x0000028242C68DA0> Excuse me, ： Have you followed my blog ？"""prompt1、 This kind of pop-up box should be few , I can't find a similar pop-up box on the Internet , Just wrote a demo
example 4：
<html><head><script type="text/javascript"> function disp_prompt() { var name=prompt(" Excuse me, ： Have you followed my blog ？") }</script></head><body> <center> <input id="mouse" type="button" onclick="disp_prompt()" value=" Am I , I have a surprise " /> <input id="kw" name="wd" class="s_ipt" value="" maxlength="255" autocomplete="off"> </center></body></html>example 5：
import timefrom selenium import webdriver# Get browser object driver = webdriver.Chrome()# Set the browser window size driver.maximize_window()# Enter the page driver.get('C:\\Py_Demo\\Demo\\Py_Project\\demo.html')# Click the button and a dialog box will pop up driver.find_element_by_id("mouse").click()time.sleep(1)# Positioning dialog alter = driver.switch_to.alertprint(alter)# Print the contents of the dialog box print(alter.text)# Send text to dialog alter.send_keys(" Mice that are not afraid of cats A")time.sleep(2)# Click on the dialog box [ determine ] Button to close the dialog box # alter.accept()# Click on the dialog box [ Cancel ] Button to close the dialog box alter.dismiss()time.sleep(1)# Close the dialog box and continue to operate the page driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(" Mice that are not afraid of cats A")""" notes ： In this case, I feel send_keys() It doesn't work ( Not sent to the input box ), do not know why <selenium.webdriver.common.alert.Alert object at 0x0000018EDC058E48> Excuse me, ： Have you followed my blog ？""" Other methods 1、 The positioning pop-up box can not only use the above "switch_to.alert" and "switch_to_alert()" Method
2、 There are other ways to jump to alert
⑴ I need to use Alert modular , First, import from selenium.webdriver.common.alert import Alert
example 6：
import timefrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.alert import Alert# Get browser object driver = webdriver.Chrome()# Set the browser window size driver.maximize_window()# Enter Baidu home page driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')# Enter Baidu settings page driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='s-usersetting-top']").click()# open " Search settings "driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='s-user-setting-menu']/div/a[1]").click()time.sleep(1)# Click Save settings driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="se-setting-7"]/a[2]').click()# This will pop up alter Class dialog , Use Alert Locate the pop-up window time.sleep(2)alter = Alert(driver)# Print the contents of the dialog box print(alter.text)# Click on the dialog box [ determine ] Button to close the dialog box alter.accept()time.sleep(2)# Close the dialog box and continue to operate the page driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(" Mice that are not afraid of cats A")notes ：
1、alter = Alert(driver)： So in the current browser page (WebDriver Under the object ) Instantiated a alter object
Determine the pop-up box1、 During code execution , There may be other factors , The pop-up box does not appear due to slow network speed , We can operate by judging whether the pop-up box appears in the element
2、 The specific method is to use Selenium Medium " According to wait " And judgment " Whether the broken element exists " Methods
⑴ As for these two knowledge points , It will be introduced separately later , Just get to know it here
example 7：
import timefrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWaitfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC# Get browser object driver = webdriver.Chrome()# Set the browser window size driver.maximize_window()# Enter Baidu home page driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')# Enter Baidu settings page driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='s-usersetting-top']").click()# open " Search settings "driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id='s-user-setting-menu']/div/a[1]").click()time.sleep(1)# Click Save settings driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="se-setting-7"]/a[2]').click()# This will pop up alter Class dialog , Use Alert Locate the pop-up window WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(EC.alert_is_present()) # wait for 5 Seconds later, judge whether the pop-up window appears """ Be similar to time.sleep(5)result = EC.alert_is_present()(driver) # Determine whether there is a dialog box , The writing here needs attention print(result)if result: passelse: print(" No dialog box pops up ")"""alter = driver.switch_to.alert# Print the contents of the dialog box print(alter.text)# Click on the dialog box [ determine ] Button to close the dialog box alter.accept()time.sleep(2)# Close the dialog box and continue to operate the page driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(" Mice that are not afraid of cats A") expand Dialog box 1、 Dialog box ： It is not belong to HTML The elements of the , It belongs to the browser itself , You can't locate with elements
2、 In practice, we must distinguish whether it is a dialog box
3、 For example, click on [ Sign in ] Button , A small panel will pop up ( Pages above the web level ). This is not a dialog . It's part of the web page itself , This can be located using elements
⑴ For example, in the previous example " The setting panel of Baidu home page "： Click on [ Set up ] A small panel pops up after , This can be located
example 8： Log in to chalk
import timefrom selenium import webdriver# Get browser object driver = webdriver.Chrome()# Set the browser window size driver.maximize_window()# Enter the chalk net driver.get('https://fenbi.com/page/home')# Click the login button driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="headercontent"]/div[2]/div/div[1]').click()# Enter account driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="fenbi-web-header"]/fb-header/div[2]/div/div[2]/div[1]/input').send_keys(" account number ")# Input password driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="fenbi-web-header"]/fb-header/div[2]/div/div[2]/div[2]/input').send_keys(" password ")# Click the login button driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="fenbi-web-header"]/fb-header/div[2]/div/div[2]/div[4]/div/div').click() summary This is about Python Selenium This is the end of the pop-up processing article , More about Python Selenium Please search the previous articles of SDN or continue to browse the related articles below. I hope you will support SDN more in the future ！
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