Hibernate 3.2支持JPA注解,Spring集成JPA是可選的。
下面是Spring集成JPA的一個例子。
實體類MyUser,使用JPA注解實現到數據庫表myUser的映射,如下所示:
package org.shirdrn.entity;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Transient;
@Entity
public class MyUser {
private Long id;
private String userName;
private String password;
private String gender;
private Integer age;
private Integer birthYear;
private String addr;
private String email;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Column(name="userName")
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
@Column(name="password")
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Column(name="gender")
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
@Column(name="age")
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Column(name="addr")
public String getAddr() {
return addr;
}
public void setAddr(String addr) {
this.addr = addr;
}
@Column(name="email")
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
@Transient
public Integer getBirthYear() {
return new Integer(2008-age);
}
public void setBirthYear(Integer age) {
this.birthYear = new Integer(2008-age);
}
}
其中,birthYear不是數據庫中的字段,使用JPA的@Transient注解,在映射的時候,會忽略掉該成員 。
持久層DAO接口如下:
package org.shirdrn.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.shirdrn.entity.MyUser;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@Transactional
public interface MyUserDAO {
public void createMyUser(MyUser myUser);
public void deleteMyUser(MyUser myUser);
public void updateMyUser(MyUser myUser);
public List queryMyUser(String queryString);
public List queryAll();
}
這裡,使用了JPA注解,聲明事務。
DAO實現類,如下所示:
package org.shirdrn.dao.impl;
import java.util.List;
import org.shirdrn.dao.MyUserDAO;
import org.shirdrn.entity.MyUser;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.JpaDaoSupport;
public class MyUserDAOImpl extends JpaDaoSupport implements MyUserDAO {
public void createMyUser(MyUser myUser) {
getJpaTemplate().persist(myUser);
}
public void deleteMyUser(MyUser myUser) {
MyUser dbMyUser = getJpaTemplate().find(MyUser.class, myUser.getId());
getJpaTemplate().remove(dbMyUser);
}
public void updateMyUser(MyUser myUser) {
MyUser dbMyUser = getJpaTemplate().find(MyUser.class, myUser.getId());
if(myUser.getUserName() != null){
dbMyUser.setUserName(myUser.getUserName());
}
if(myUser.getAddr() != null){
dbMyUser.setAddr(myUser.getAddr());
}
getJpaTemplate().merge(dbMyUser);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List queryMyUser(String queryString) {
return (List)getJpaTemplate().find(queryString);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List queryAll() {
return (List)getJpaTemplate().find("from MyUser");
}
}
因為繼承了JpaDaoSupport,索引需要獲取一個JpaTemplate來實現訪問數據庫,在Spring的配置文件 中要注入一個org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean。
Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml的內容如下所示:
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd">
在META-INF目錄下,還要加一個persistence.xml配置文件,如下所示: http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd"version="1.0">
org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence
org.shirdrn.entity.MyUser
接著,對增刪改查操作進行測試,如下所示:
插入記錄:
packageorg.shirdrn.test;
importorg.shirdrn.dao.MyUserDAO;
importorg.shirdrn.entity.MyUser;
importorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
importorg.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
publicclassTestCreateMyUser{
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
MyUserDAOmyUserDAO=(MyUserDAO)ctx.getBean("myUserDAOImpl");
MyUsermyUser=newMyUser();
myUser.setUserName("JohnXa");
myUser.setPassword("123456");
myUser.setGender("男");
myUser.setAge(newInteger(25));
myUser.setAddr("NewYork");
myUser.setEmail("[email protected]");
myUserDAO.createMyUser(myUser);
}
}
刪除記錄: packageorg.shirdrn.test;
importorg.shirdrn.dao.MyUserDAO;
importorg.shirdrn.entity.MyUser;
importorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
importorg.springframework.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
publicclassTestDeleteMyUser{
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
ApplicationContextctx=newClassPathXml("applicationContext.xml");
MyUserDAOmyUserDAO=(MyUserDAO)ctx.getBean("myUserDAOImpl");
MyUsermyUser=newMyUser();
myUser.setId(newLong(29));
myUserDAO.deleteMyUser(myUser);
修改記錄:
packageorg.shirdrn.test;
importorg.shirdrn.dao.MyUserDAO;
importorg.shirdrn.entity.MyUser;
importorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
importorg.springframework.context.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
publicclassTestUpdateMyUser{
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
ApplicationContextctx=newClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
MyUserDAOmyUserDAO=(MyUserDAO)ctx.getBean("myUserDAOImpl");
MyUsermyUser=newMyUser ();
myUser.setId(newLong(28));
myUser.setAddr("北京市");
myUserDAO.updateMyUser(myUser);
}
}
查詢記錄: packageorg.shirdrn.test;
importjava.util.List;
importorg.shirdrn.dao.MyUserDAO;
importorg.shirdrn.entity.MyUser;
importorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
importorg.springframework.context.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
publicclassTestQueryAllMyUser{
publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){
ApplicationContextctx=newClassPathXmContext("applicationContext.xml");
MyUserDAOmyUserDAO=(MyUserDAO)ctx.getBean("myUserDAOImpl");
Listlist=myUserDAO.queryMyUser("fromMyUser");
for(MyUseruser:list){
System.out.println("ID:"+user.getId()+
"|姓名:"+user.getUserName()+
"|密碼:"+user.getPassword()+
"|性別:"+user.getGender()+
"|年齡:"+user.getAge()+
"|住址:"+user.getAddr()+
"|郵箱:"+user.getEmail());
}
}
}
心得總結
感覺自己對JPA的理解還是不怎麼深刻。
JpaTemplate提供的一些操作的方法,感覺不是很快就能理解的。
似乎使用JpaTemplate沒有使用HibernateTemplate方便,尤其是在執行插入、修改、刪除記錄的時候 。修改和刪除記錄需要先把數據庫中對應的記錄加載出來,才能執行修改和刪除操作。
查詢數據庫倒是很容易,因為根本不需要事務,如果沒有事務,插入、修改和刪除操作就不能實現。
在Spring中使用JPA,感覺代價比較大,使用起來不容易,出錯不容易調試。
比較好的地方就是。如果數據庫中的表很多,無需編寫大量的XML文件去映射,而且只需要從POJO中就 可以非常直觀地看到各個表之間的關系。