實體Bean的連接策略(JOINED Strategy)
在上一篇文章中,使用單表策略將一個表從邏輯上分成了多個表。但這樣可能會造成空巢字段,也就 是說,一個邏輯表只由部分字段組成,而物理的表的很多字段的值就會為null。為了解決這個問題,可以 將t_accounts表物理地分成多個表。為了與t_accounts表進行對比,新建一個t_myaccounts表,結構如圖 1所示。
圖1 t_myaccounts表
從t_myaccounts的結構可以看出,在該表中只包含了t_accounts表的前三個字段,而後兩個在邏輯上 分到了不同的表,因此,首先要建立兩個物理表:t_checkingaccount和t_savingsaccount。這兩個表的 結構如下:
圖2 t_checkingaccount表
圖3 t_savingsaccount表
在t_checkingaccount和t_savingsaccount表中都有一個account_id,這個account_id的值依賴於 t_myaccounts表中的account_id。
下面先來編寫與t_myaccounts對應的實體Bean,代碼如下:
package entity; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.DiscriminatorColumn; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.Inheritance; import javax.persistence.InheritanceType; import javax.persistence.Table; @Entity @Table(name="t_myaccounts") @Inheritance(strategy=InheritanceType.JOINED) public class Account { protected String id; protected float balance; protected String type; @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY) @Column(name="account_id") public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public float getBalance() { return balance; } public void setBalance(float balance) { this.balance = balance; } @Column(name="account_type") public String getType() { return type; } public void setType(String type) { this.type = type; } }
從上面的代碼可以看出,只使用了@Inheritance對實體Bean進行注釋。
下面編寫MyCheckingAccount和MySavingsAccount類的代碼:
MyCheckingAccount類的代碼:
package entity; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.DiscriminatorValue; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.PrimaryKeyJoinColumn; import javax.persistence.Table; @Entity @Table(name="t_checkingaccount") // 指定與Account類共享的主鍵名 @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn(name="account_id") public class MyCheckingAccount extends Account { private double overdraftLimit; public MyCheckingAccount() { // 為account_type字段賦默認值 setType("C"); } @Column(name="overdraft_limit") public double getOverdraftLimit() { return overdraftLimit; } public void setOverdraftLimit(double overdraftLimit) { this.overdraftLimit = overdraftLimit; } }
MySavingsAccount類的代碼:
package entity; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.DiscriminatorValue; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.PrimaryKeyJoinColumn; import javax.persistence.Table; @Entity @Table(name="t_savingsaccount") @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn(name="account_id") public class MySavingsAccount extends Account { private double interestRate; public MySavingsAccount() { // 為account_type字段賦默認值 setType("S"); } @Column(name="interest_rate") public double getInterestRate() { return interestRate; } public void setInterestRate(double interestRate) { this.interestRate = interestRate; } }
在上面的代碼中使用構造方法來初始化了t_myaccounts表的account_type字段的值。
可以使用下面的代碼進行測試:
System.out.println(((MyCheckingAccount)em.createQuery("from MyCheckingAccount where id=12") .getSingleResult()).getBalance()); MyCheckingAccount ca = new MyCheckingAccount(); ca.setBalance(342); ca.setOverdraftLimit(120); em.persist(ca); MySavingsAccount sa = new MySavingsAccount(); sa.setBalance(200); sa.setInterestRate(321); em.persist(sa);