List（接口） 順序是List最重要的特性；它可保證元素按照規定的順序排列。List為Collection添加了大量方法，以便我們在List中部插入和刪除元素（只推薦對LinkedList這樣做）。List也會生成一個ListIterator（列表反復器），利用它可在一個列表裡朝兩個方向遍歷，同時插入和刪除位於列表中部的元素（同樣地，只建議對LinkedList這樣做）
ArrayList＊ 由一個數組後推得到的List。作為一個常規用途的對象容器使用，用於替換原先的Vector。允許我們快速訪問元素，但在從列表中部插入和刪除元素時，速度卻嫌稍慢。一般只應該用ListIterator對一個ArrayList進行向前和向後遍歷，不要用它刪除和插入元素；與LinkedList相比，它的效率要低許多
LinkedList 提供優化的順序訪問性能，同時可以高效率地在列表中部進行插入和刪除操作。但在進行隨機訪問時，速度卻相當慢，此時應換用ArrayList。也提供了addFirst()，addLast()，getFirst()，getLast()，removeFirst()以及removeLast()（未在任何接口或基礎類中定義），以便將其作為一個規格、隊列以及一個雙向隊列使用。
List (interface)
Order is the most important feature of a List; it promises to maintain elements in a particular sequence. List adds a number of methods to Collection that allow insertion and removal of elements in the middle of a List. (This is recommended only for a LinkedList.) A List will produce a ListIterator, and using this you can traverse the List in both directions, as well as insert and remove elements in the middle of the list (again, recommended only for a LinkedList).
ArrayList*
A List backed by an array. Use instead of Vector as a general-purpose object holder. Allows rapid random access to elements, but is slow when inserting and removing elements from the middle of a list. ListIterator should be used only for back-and-forth traversal of an ArrayList, but not for inserting and removing elements, which is expensive compared to LinkedList.
LinkedList
Provides optimal sequential access, with inexpensive insertions and deletions from the middle of the list. Relatively slow for random access. (Use ArrayList instead.) Also has addFirst(), addLast(), getFirst(), getLast(), removeFirst(), and removeLast() (which are not defined in any interfaces or base classes) to allow it to be used as a stack, a queue, and a dequeue.
下面這個例子中的方法每個都覆蓋了一組不同的行為：每個列表都能做的事情（basicTest()），通過一個反復器遍歷（iterMotion()）、用一個反復器改變某些東西（iterManipulation()）、體驗列表處理的效果（testVisual()）以及只有LinkedList才能做的事情等：
//: List1.java
// Things you can do with Lists
package c08.newcollections;
import java.util.*;
public class List1 {
// Wrap Collection1.fill() for convenience:
public static List fill(List a) {
return (List)Collection1.fill(a);
}
// You can use an Iterator, just as with a
// Collection, but you can also use random
// access with get():
public static void print(List a) {
for(int i = 0; i < a.size(); i++)
System.out.print(a.get(i) + " ");
System.out.println();
}
static boolean b;
static Object o;
static int i;
static Iterator it;
static ListIterator lit;
public static void basicTest(List a) {
a.add(1, "x"); // Add at location 1
a.add("x"); // Add at end
// Add a collection:
a.addAll(fill(new ArrayList()));
// Add a collection starting at location 3:
a.addAll(3, fill(new ArrayList()));
b = a.contains("1"); // Is it in there
// Is the entire collection in there
b = a.containsAll(fill(new ArrayList()));
// Lists allow random access, which is cheap
// for ArrayList, expensive for LinkedList:
o = a.get(1); // Get object at location 1
i = a.indexOf("1"); // Tell index of object
// indexOf, starting search at location 2:
i = a.indexOf("1", 2);
b = a.isEmpty(); // Any elements inside
it = a.iterator(); // Ordinary Iterator
lit = a.listIterator(); // ListIterator
lit = a.listIterator(3); // Start at loc 3
i = a.lastIndexOf("1"); // Last match
i = a.lastIndexOf("1", 2); // ...after loc 2
a.remove(1); // Remove location 1
a.remove("3"); // Remove this object
a.set(1, "y"); // Set location 1 to "y"
// Keep everything that's in the argument
// (the intersection of the two sets):
a.retainAll(fill(new ArrayList()));
// Remove elements in this range:
a.removeRange(0, 2);
// Remove everything that's in the argument:
a.removeAll(fill(new ArrayList()));
i = a.size(); // How big is it
a.clear(); // Remove all elements
}
public static void iterMotion(List a) {
ListIterator it = a.listIterator();
b = it.hasNext();
b = it.hasPrevious();
o = it.next();
i = it.nextIndex();
o = it.previous();
i = it.previousIndex();
}
public static void iterManipulation(List a) {
ListIterator it = a.listIterator();
it.add("47");
// Must move to an element after add():
it.next();
// Remove the element that was just produced:
it.remove();
// Must move to an element after remove():
it.next();
// Change the element that was just produced:
it.set("47");
}
public static void testVisual(List a) {
print(a);
List b = new ArrayList();
fill(b);
System.out.print("b = ");
print(b);
a.addAll(b);
a.addAll(fill(new ArrayList()));
print(a);
// Shrink the list by removing all the
// elements beyond the first 1/2 of the list
System.out.println(a.size());
System.out.println(a.size()/2);
a.removeRange(a.size()/2, a.size()/2 + 2);
print(a);
// Insert, remove, and replace elements
// using a ListIterator:
ListIterator x = a.listIterator(a.size()/2);
x.add("one");
print(a);
System.out.println(x.next());
x.remove();
System.out.println(x.next());
x.set("47");
print(a);
// Traverse the list backwards:
x = a.listIterator(a.size());
while(x.hasPrevious())
System.out.print(x.previous() + " ");
System.out.println();
System.out.println("testVisual finished");
}
// There are some things that only
// LinkedLists can do:
public static void testLinkedList() {
LinkedList ll = new LinkedList();
Collection1.fill(ll, 5);
print(ll);
// Treat it like a stack, pushing:
ll.addFirst("one");
ll.addFirst("two");
print(ll);
// Like "peeking" at the top of a stack:
System.out.println(ll.getFirst());
// Like popping a stack:
System.out.println(ll.removeFirst());
System.out.println(ll.removeFirst());
// Treat it like a queue, pulling elements
// off the tail end:
System.out.println(ll.removeLast());
// With the above operations, it's a dequeue!
print(ll);
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
// Make and fill a new list each time:
basicTest(fill(new LinkedList()));
basicTest(fill(new ArrayList()));
iterMotion(fill(new LinkedList()));
iterMotion(fill(new ArrayList()));
iterManipulation(fill(new LinkedList()));
iterManipulation(fill(new ArrayList()));
testVisual(fill(new LinkedList()));
testLinkedList();
}
} ///:~
在basicTest()和iterMotiion()中，只是簡單地發出調用，以便揭示出正確的語法。而且盡管捕獲了返回值，但是並未使用它。在某些情況下，之所以不捕獲返回值，是由於它們沒有什麼特別的用處。在正式使用它們前，應仔細研究一下自己的聯機文檔，掌握這些方法完整、正確的用法。
