本文實例講述了Java中的攔截器、過濾器、監聽器用法。分享給大家供大家參考,具體如下:
一、攔截器 :是在面向切面編程的就是在你的service或者一個方法,前調用一個方法,或者在方法後調用一個方法比如動態代理就是攔截器的簡單實現,在你調用方 法前打印出字符串(或者做其它業務邏輯的操作),也可以在你調用方法後打印出字符串,甚至在你拋出異常的時候做業務邏輯的操作。
1.Struts2攔截器是在訪問某個Action或Action的某個方法,字段之前或之後實施攔截,並且Struts2攔截器是可插拔的,攔截器是AOP的一種實現。
2.攔截器棧(Interceptor Stack)Struts2攔截器棧就是將攔截器按一定的順序聯結成一條鏈。在訪問被攔截的方法或字段時,Struts2攔截器鏈中的攔截器就會按其之前定義的順序被調用。
package com.lzw.struts.Interceptor; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor; public class MyInterceptor extends MethodFilterInterceptor { private static final long serialVersionUID = -6410044851077844880L; /** * 在struts.xml <param name="lzw">struts</param> */ private String lzw; public String getLzw() { return lzw; } public void setLzw(String lzw) { this.lzw = lzw; } @Override public void destroy() { System.out.println("destroy!"); } @Override public void init() { System.out.println("init!"); } @Override protected String doIntercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception { System.out.println("MyInterceptor-start"); System.out.println(lzw); String result = invocation.invoke(); System.out.println("MyInterceptor-end"); return result; } }
package com.lzw.struts.Interceptor; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor; public class FirstInterceptor extends MethodFilterInterceptor { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Override protected String doIntercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception { System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-Start"); String result = invocation.invoke(); System.out.println("FirstInterceptor-End"); return result; } }
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts> <!--開發模式開關,本地可以設為true幫助調試問題,部署到服務器上設為false--> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="false"/> <!--務必配上該屬性,否則會導致AOP注入異常--> <constant name="struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire.alwaysRespect" value="true"/> <constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8" /> <constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="1000000000"/> <package name="strutsLzw" extends="struts-default" namespace="/"> <interceptors> <interceptor name="lzwInterceptorA" class="com.lzw.struts.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"> <param name="lzw">struts</param> </interceptor> <interceptor name="lzwInterceptorB" class="com.lzw.struts.Interceptor.FirstInterceptor"> </interceptor> <!-- 定義自己的攔截器棧 --> <interceptor-stack name="myStack"> <interceptor-ref name="lzwInterceptorA"></interceptor-ref> <interceptor-ref name="lzwInterceptorB"></interceptor-ref> <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref> </interceptor-stack> </interceptors> <!-- 全局的每個action都會攔截 --> <default-interceptor-ref name="myStack"></default-interceptor-ref> <!-- 增加method="lzwTest" 執行LoginAction的lzwTest方法 否則執行execute方法 --> <action name="login" class="com.lzw.struts.action.LoginAction" method="lzwTest"> <result name="success">/result.jsp</result> <result name="failer">/error.jsp</result> <result name="input">/error.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
或者:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts> <package name="strutsLzw" extends="struts-default"> <interceptors> <interceptor name="lzwInterceptor" class="com.lzw.struts.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"> <param name="lzw">struts</param> </interceptor> </interceptors> <!-- 增加method="lzwTest" 執行LoginAction的lzwTest方法 否則執行execute方法 --> <action name="login" class="com.lzw.struts.action.LoginAction" method="lzwTest"> <result name="success">/result.jsp</result> <result name="failer">/error.jsp</result> <result name="input">/error.jsp</result> <interceptor-ref name="lzwInterceptor"></interceptor-ref> <!--增加defaultStack 否則 驗證攔截器不執行,也就是 validate 方法不執行--> <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref> </action> </package> </struts>
web.xml中加入:
<filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <!-- 已經過時了<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class> --> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>actionPackages</param-name> <param-value>com.lzw.struts.action</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
package com.lzw.struts.action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport{ private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private String username; private String password; public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } @Override public String execute() throws Exception { System.out.println("=====execute====="); if ("hello".equals(this.getUsername().trim()) && "world".equals(this.getPassword().trim())) { return "success"; } else { this.addFieldError("username", "username or password error"); return "failer"; } } @Override public void validate() { System.out.println("=====validate====="); if (null == this.getUsername() || "".equals(this.getUsername().trim())) { this.addFieldError("username", "username required"); } if (null == this.getPassword() || "".equals(this.getPassword().trim())) { this.addFieldError("password", "password required"); } } public String lzwTest() { System.out.println("======Test===="); return SUCCESS; } }
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>" rel="external nofollow" > <title>My JSP 'login.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css" rel="external nofollow" > --> </head> <body> <form action="login.action" method="post"> username:<input type="text" name="username"><br> password:<input type="password" name="password"><br> <input type="submit" value="submit"> </form> </body> </html>
控制台結果:
init! 2013-10-31 13:51:15 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start 信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-apr-8080"] 2013-10-31 13:51:15 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start 信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-apr-8009"] 2013-10-31 13:51:15 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start 信息: Server startup in 1699 ms MyInterceptor-start struts FirstInterceptor-Start =====validate===== ======Test==== FirstInterceptor-End MyInterceptor-end
二、過濾器:是在java web中,你傳入的request,response提前過濾掉一些信息,或者提前設置一些參數,然後再傳入servlet或者struts的 action進行業務邏輯,比如過濾掉非法url(不是login.do的地址請求,如果用戶沒有登陸都過濾掉),或者在傳入servlet或者struts的action前統一設置字符集,或者去除掉一些非法字符。主要為了減輕服務器負載,減少壓力
package com.lzw.filter.demo; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; public class UserAccessFilter implements Filter{ @Override public void destroy() { System.out.println("destroy!"); } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)req; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)res; HttpSession session = request.getSession(); if(session.getAttribute("user")== null && request.getRequestURI().indexOf("login.jsp")==-1 ){ response.sendRedirect("login.jsp"); return ; } chain.doFilter(req, res); } @Override public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException { //ApplicationFilterConfig[name=UserFilter, filterClass=com.lzw.filter.demo.UserAccessFilter] System.out.println(config.toString()); } }
web.xml 中加入:
<filter> <filter-name>UserFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>com.lzw.filter.demo.UserAccessFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>UserFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/jsp/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
1、攔截器是基於java的反射機制的,而過濾器是基於函數回調
2、過濾器依賴與servlet容器,而攔截器不依賴與servlet容器
3、攔截器只能對action請求起作用,而過濾器則可以對幾乎所有的請求起作用
4、攔截器可以訪問action上下文、值棧裡的對象,而過濾器不能
5、在action的生命周期中,攔截器可以多次被調用,而過濾器只能在容器初始化時被調用一次
在action的生命周期中,攔截器可以多次被調用,而過濾器只能在容器初始化時被調用一次
執行順序 :過濾前 - 攔截前 - Action處理 - 攔截後 - 過濾後。
個人認為過濾是一個橫向的過程,首先把客戶端提交的內容進行過濾(例如未登錄用戶不能訪問內部頁面的處理);
過濾通過後,攔截器將檢查用戶提交數據的驗證,做一些前期的數據處理,接著把處理後的數據發給對應的Action;
Action處理完成返回後,攔截器還可以做其他過程,再向上返回到過濾器的後續操作。
三、監聽器:Servlet的監聽器Listener,它是實現了javax.servlet.ServletContextListener接口的服務器端程序,它也是隨web應用的啟動而啟動,只初始化一次,隨web應用的停止而銷毀。
主要作用是:做一些初始化的內容添加工作、設置一些基本的內容、比如一些參數或者是一些固定的對象等等。
package com.lzw.filter.demo; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent; import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener; public class InitDataListener implements ServletContextListener { private static ServletContext servletContext; public static ServletContext getServletContext() { return servletContext; } @Override public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent contextEvent) { servletContext = contextEvent.getServletContext(); //final ApplicationContext ctx = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext); System.out.println("服務器啟動完畢!"); System.out.println(servletContext); } @Override public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {} }
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <listener> <listener-class>com.lzw.filter.demo.InitDataListener</listener-class> </listener> </web-app>
控制台結果:
信息: Starting service Catalina 2013-10-31 15:13:55 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal 信息: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.42 服務器啟動完畢! org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade@7966340c 2013-10-31 15:13:56 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start 信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-apr-8080"] 2013-10-31 15:13:56 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start 信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-apr-8009"] 2013-10-31 15:13:56 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start 信息: Server startup in 402 ms
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