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 程式師世界 >> 編程語言 >> JAVA編程 >> JAVA編程入門知識 >> J2ME中使用Socket開發聯網程序

J2ME中使用Socket開發聯網程序

編輯:JAVA編程入門知識
  在J2ME中基於UDP協議編程一文中介紹了如何使用Datagram和DatagramConnection來開發應用程序,本文將主要講述在MIDP2.0中使用ServerSocketConnection和SocketConnection來開發聯網應用程序。TCP協議是可以保證傳輸的質量的,這也是他和UDP的一大區別。由於以上談到的四個類都屬於GCF,他們在程序編寫方面也非常相似,通常我們在Server端的某個端口監聽,當客戶端連接服務器的時候,則可以得到一個SocketConnection的實例。通過兩端的SocketConnection則可以實現C/S結構的通信了。
  
  首先看一下,ServerSocketConnection類,它的一個非常重要的方法就是acceptAndOpen()方法,這個方法返回一個SocketConnection實例,從而使得客戶端和服務器端可以通過socket通信了。典型的代碼如下:
  
   // Create the server listening socket for port 1234
  ServerSocketConnection scn = (ServerSocketConnection)
  Connector.open("socket://:1234");
  
  // Wait for a connection.
  SocketConnection sc = (SocketConnection) scn.acceptAndOpen();
  
  // Set application specific hints on the socket.
  sc.setSocketOption(DELAY, 0);
  sc.setSocketOption(LINGER, 0);
  sc.setSocketOption(KEEPALIVE, 0);
  sc.setSocketOption(RCVBUF, 128);
  sc.setSocketOption(SNDBUF, 128);
  
  // Get the input stream of the connection.
  DataInputStream is = sc.openDataInputStream();
  
  // Get the output stream of the connection.
  DataOutputStream os = sc.openDataOutputStream();
  
  // Read the input data.
  String result = is.readUTF();
  
  // Echo the data back to the sender.
  os.writeUTF(result);
  
  // Close everything.
  is.close();
  os.close();
  sc.close();
  scn.close();
  ..
  
  
  SocketConnection的使用也是非常簡單,通過Connector的open方法我們可以得到一個SocketConnection的實例。
  SocketConnection sc = (SocketConnection)
  Connector.open("socket://host.com:79");
  sc.setSocketOption(SocketConnection.LINGER, 5);
  
  InputStream is = sc.openInputStream();
  OutputStream os = sc.openOutputStream();
  
  os.write(" ".getBytes());
  int ch = 0;
  while(ch != -1) {
   ch = is.read();
  }
  
  is.close();
  os.close();
  sc.close();
  其實我們在用socket編寫程序的時候無非遵循這樣的一種規則:服務器端建立監聽端口等待連接,客戶端通過open()方法與服務器端建立連接,兩端通過建立的socket傳輸數據,關閉連接。
  下圖是我在運行WTK中NetworkDemo的時候的截圖!代碼也一並發表出來。
  
   J2ME中使用Socket開發聯網程序
  

  package socket;
  
  import Javax.microedition.midlet.*;
  import javax.microedition.io.*;
  import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
  import java.io.*;
  
  public class SocketMIDlet extends MIDlet implements CommandListener {
   private static final String SERVER = "Server";
   private static final String CLIENT = "Client";
   private static final String[] names = { SERVER, CLIENT };
   private static Display display;
   private Form f;
   private ChoiceGroup cg;
   private boolean isPaused;
   private Server server;
   private Client client;
   private Command exitCommand = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1);
   private Command startCommand = new Command("Start", Command.ITEM, 1);
  
   public SocketMIDlet() {
  display = Display.getDisplay(this);
  f = new Form("Socket Demo");
  cg = new ChoiceGroup("Please select peer", Choice.EXCLUSIVE, names,null);
  f.append(cg);
  
  f.addCommand(exitCommand);
  f.addCommand(startCommand);
  f.setCommandListener(this);
  
  display.setCurrent(f);
   }
  
   public boolean isPaused() {
  return isPaused;
   }
  
   public void startApp() {
  isPaused = false;
   }
  
   public void pauseApp() {
  isPaused = true;
   }
  
   public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional) {
  if (server != null) {
   server.stop();
  }
  if (client != null) {
   client.stop();
  }
   }
  
   public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s) {
  if (c == exitCommand) {
   destroyApp(true);
   notifyDestroyed();
  } else if (c == startCommand) {
   String name = cg.getString(cg.getSelectedIndex());
   if (name.equals(SERVER)) {
  server = new Server(this);
  server.start();
   } else {
  client = new Client(this);
  client.start();
   }
  }
   }
  
  }
  
  package socket;
  
  import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
  import javax.microedition.io.*;
  import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
  import java.io.*;
  
  public class Server implements Runnable, CommandListener {
   private SocketMIDlet parent;
   private Display display;
   private Form f;
   private StringItem si;
   private TextField tf;
   private boolean stop;
   private Command sendCommand = new Command("Send", Command.ITEM, 1);
   private Command exitCommand = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1);
   InputStream is;
   OutputStream os;
   SocketConnection sc;
   ServerSocketConnection scn;
   Sender sender;
   
   public Server(SocketMIDlet m) {
  parent = m;
  display = Display.getDisplay(parent);
  f = new Form("Socket Server");
  si = new StringItem("Status:", " ");
  tf = new TextField("Send:", "", 30, TextField.ANY);
  f.append(si);
  f.append(tf);
  f.addCommand(exitCommand);
  f.setCommandListener(this);
  display.setCurrent(f);
   }
  
   public void start() {
  Thread t = new Thread(this);
  t.start();
   }
  
   public void run() {
  try {
   si.setText("Waiting for connection");
   scn = (ServerSocketConnection) Connector.open("socket://:5009");
  
   // Wait for a connection.
   sc = (SocketConnection) scn.acceptAndOpen();
   si.setText("Connection accepted");
   is = sc.openInputStream();
   os = sc.openOutputStream();
   sender = new Sender(os);
   
   // Allow sending of messages only after Sender is created
   f.addCommand(sendCommand);
  
   while (true) {
  StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
  int c = 0;
  
  while (((c = is.read()) != ' ') && (c != -1)) {
   sb.append((char) c);
  }
  
  if (c == -1) {
   break;
  }
  si.setText("Message received - " + sb.toString());
   }
   stop();
   si.setText("Connection is closed");
   f.removeCommand(sendCommand);
  } catch (IOException ioe) {
   if (ioe.getMessage().equals("ServerSocket Open")) {
  Alert a = new Alert("Server", "Port 5000 is already taken.",null, AlertType.ERROR);
  a.setTimeout(Alert.FOREVER);
  a.setCommandListener(this);
  display.setCurrent(a);
   } else {
  if (!stop) {
   ioe.printStackTrace();
  }
   }
  } catch (Exception e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
   }
  
   public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s) {
  if (c == sendCommand && !parent.isPaused()) {
   sender.send(tf.getString());
  }
  
  if ((c == Alert.DISMISS_COMMAND) (c == exitCommand)) {
   parent.notifyDestroyed();
   parent.destroyApp(true);
  }
   }
  
  /**
  * Close all open streams
  */
  
   public void stop() {
  try {
   stop = true;
  
   if (is != null) {
  is.close();
   }
  
   if (os != null) {
  os.close();
   }
  
   if (sc != null) {
  sc.close();
   }
  
   if (scn != null) {
  scn.close();
   }
  } catch (IOException ioe) {
   }
  }
  }
  
  package socket;
  
  import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
  import javax.microedition.io.*;
  import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
  import java.io.*;
  
  public class Client implements Runnable, CommandListener {
   private SocketMIDlet parent;
   private Display display;
   private Form f;
   private StringItem si;
   private TextField tf;
   private boolean stop;
   private Command sendCommand = new Command("Send", Command.ITEM, 1);
   private Command exitCommand = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1);
  
   InputStream is;
   OutputStream os;
   SocketConnection sc;
   Sender sender;
  
   public Client(SocketMIDlet m) {
  parent = m;
  display = Display.getDisplay(parent);
  f = new Form("Socket Client");
  si = new StringItem("Status:", " ");
  tf = new TextField("Send:", "", 30, TextField.ANY);
  f.append(si);
  f.append(tf);
  f.addCommand(exitCommand);
  f.addCommand(sendCommand);
  f.setCommandListener(this);
  display.setCurrent(f);
   }
  
   /**
   * Start the client thread
   */
   public void start() {
  Thread t = new Thread(this);
  t.start();
   }
  
   public void run() {
  try {
   sc = (SocketConnection) Connector.open("socket://localhost:5009");
   si.setText("Connected to server");
   is = sc.openInputStream();
   os = sc.openOutputStream();
  
   // Start the thread for sending messages - see Sender's main
   // comment for eXPlanation
   sender = new Sender(os);
   
   // Loop forever, receiving data
   while (true) {
  StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
  int c = 0;
  while (((c = is.read()) != ' ') && (c != -1)) {
   sb.append((char) c);
  }
  
  if (c == -1) {
   break;
  }
  // Display message to user
  si.setText("Message received - " + sb.toString());
   }
   stop();
   si.setText("Connection closed");
   f.removeCommand(sendCommand);
  } catch (ConnectionNotFoundException cnfe) {
   Alert a = new Alert("Client", "Please run Server MIDlet first",null, AlertType.ERROR);
   a.setTimeout(Alert.FOREVER);
   a.setCommandListener(this);
   display.setCurrent(a);
  } catch (IOException ioe) {
   if (!stop) {
  ioe.printStackTrace();
   }
  } catch (Exception e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
   }
  }
  
  public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s) {
   if (c == sendCommand && !parent.isPaused()) {
  sender.send(tf.getString());
   }
  
   if ((c == Alert.DISMISS_COMMAND) (c == exitCommand)) {
  parent.notifyDestroyed();
  parent.destroyApp(true);
   }
  }
  
  /**
  * Close all open streams
  */
  

  
 

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