在多線程訪問的時候,同一時刻只能有一個線程能夠用 synchronized 修飾的方法或者代碼塊,解決了資源共享。下面代碼示意三個窗口購5張火車票:
1 package com.jikexueyuan.thread; 2 /* 3 * 未使用synchronized,存在並發 4 */ 5 class RunnableDemo implements Runnable{ 6 private int tickets = 5; 7 @Override 8 public void run() { 9 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { 10 try { 11 Thread.sleep(500); 12 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 13 e.printStackTrace(); 14 } 15 if (tickets>0) { 16 System.out.println("車票: "+tickets--); 17 } 18 } 19 20 } 21 } 22 23 public class ThreadTest { 24 25 public static void main(String[] args) { 26 RunnableDemo r = new RunnableDemo(); 27 Thread t1 = new Thread(r); 28 Thread t2 = new Thread(r); 29 Thread t3 = new Thread(r); 30 t1.start(); 31 t2.start(); 32 t3.start(); 33 } 34 35 }
其中一次的運行結果:
車票: 5 車票: 4 車票: 3 車票: 2 車票: 1 車票: 2
使用synchronized同步塊後:
1 package com.jikexueyuan.thread; 2 /* 3 * 使用synchronized塊 4 */ 5 class RunnableDemo implements Runnable{ 6 private int tickets = 5; 7 @Override 8 public void run() { 9 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { 10 try { 11 Thread.sleep(500); 12 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 13 e.printStackTrace(); 14 } 15 synchronized (this) { 16 if (tickets>0) { 17 System.out.println("車票: "+tickets--); 18 } 19 } 20 } 21 } 22 } 23 24 public class ThreadTest { 25 26 public static void main(String[] args) { 27 RunnableDemo r = new RunnableDemo(); 28 Thread t1 = new Thread(r); 29 Thread t2 = new Thread(r); 30 Thread t3 = new Thread(r); 31 t1.start(); 32 t2.start(); 33 t3.start(); 34 } 35 36 }
使用synchronized同步方法:
1 package com.jikexueyuan.thread; 2 /* 3 * 使用synchronized同步方法 4 */ 5 class RunnableDemo implements Runnable{ 6 private int tickets = 5; 7 @Override 8 public void run() { 9 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { 10 show(); 11 } 12 } 13 public synchronized void show() { 14 if (tickets>0) { 15 System.out.println("車票: "+tickets--); 16 } 17 } 18 } 19 20 public class ThreadTest { 21 22 public static void main(String[] args) { 23 RunnableDemo r = new RunnableDemo(); 24 Thread t1 = new Thread(r); 25 Thread t2 = new Thread(r); 26 Thread t3 = new Thread(r); 27 t1.start(); 28 t2.start(); 29 t3.start(); 30 } 31 32 }
無論使用synchronized同步塊還是同步方法,運行結果均為合理結果:
車票: 5 車票: 4 車票: 3 車票: 2 車票: 1
思考:volatile是另一種同步機制,是否可以呢?參考我的鏈接文章:Java理論與實踐:正確使用Volatile變量 http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-jtp06197.html