一、文件上傳的原理分析
1、文件上傳的必要前提
a、表單的method必須是post
b、表單的enctype屬性必須是multipart/form-data類型的。
enctype默認值：application/x-www-form-urlencoded
作用：告知服務器，請求正文的MIME類型
application/x-www-form-urlencoded ： username=abc&password=123
ServletRequest.getParameter(String name);該方法是專門讀取該類型的方法
multipart/form-data:
2、借助commons-fileupload組件實現文件的上傳
a、拷貝jar包：commons-fileupload.jar commons-io.jar
b、實現原理
3、亂碼問題
a、普通字段的亂碼
FileItem.getString(String charset);編碼要和客戶端一致
b、上傳的中文文件名亂碼
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");編碼要和客戶端一致
4、具體實現
前台upload.jsp代碼如下
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>文件上傳</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/UploadServlet3" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
name:<input name="name"/><br/>
file1:<input type="file" name="f1"/><br/>
file2:<input type="file" name="f2"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="上傳">
</form>
</body>
</html>
後台servlet代碼
package com.itheima.servlet;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadBase;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import org.apache.commons.io.FilenameUtils;
//詳解
public class UploadServlet3 extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
System.out.print(request.getRemoteAddr());
boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);
if(!isMultipart){
throw new RuntimeException("請檢查您的表單的enctype屬性，確定是multipart/form-data");
}
DiskFileItemFactory dfif = new DiskFileItemFactory();
ServletFileUpload parser = new ServletFileUpload(dfif);
// parser.setFileSizeMax(3*1024*1024);//設置單個文件上傳的大小
// parser.setSizeMax(6*1024*1024);//多文件上傳時總大小限制
List<FileItem> items = null;
try {
items = parser.parseRequest(request);
}catch(FileUploadBase.FileSizeLimitExceededException e) {
out.write("上傳文件超出了3M");
return;
}catch(FileUploadBase.SizeLimitExceededException e){
out.write("總文件超出了6M");
return;
}catch (FileUploadException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException("解析上傳內容失敗，請重新試一下");
}
//處理請求內容
if(items!=null){
for(FileItem item:items){
if(item.isFormField()){
processFormField(item);
}else{
processUploadField(item);
}
}
}
out.write("上傳成功！");
}
private void processUploadField(FileItem item) {
try {
String fileName = item.getName();
//用戶沒有選擇上傳文件時
if(fileName!=null&&!fileName.equals("")){
fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString()+"_"+FilenameUtils.getName(fileName);
//擴展名
String extension = FilenameUtils.getExtension(fileName);
//MIME類型
String contentType = item.getContentType();
if(contentType.startsWith("image/")){
//分目錄存儲：日期解決
// Date now = new Date();
// DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
//
// String childDirectory = df.format(now);
//按照文件名的hashCode計算存儲目錄
String childDirectory = makeChildDirectory(getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/files/"),fileName);
String storeDirectoryPath = getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/files/"+childDirectory);
File storeDirectory = new File(storeDirectoryPath);
if(!storeDirectory.exists()){
storeDirectory.mkdirs();
}
System.out.println(fileName);
item.write(new File(storeDirectoryPath+File.separator+fileName));//刪除臨時文件
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("上傳失敗,請重試");
}
}
//計算存放的子目錄
private String makeChildDirectory(String realPath, String fileName) {
int hashCode = fileName.hashCode();
int dir1 = hashCode&0xf;// 取1~4位
int dir2 = (hashCode&0xf0)>>4;//取5~8位
String directory = ""+dir1+File.separator+dir2;
File file = new File(realPath,directory);
if(!file.exists())
file.mkdirs();
return directory;
}
private void processFormField(FileItem item) {
String fieldName = item.getFieldName();//字段名
String fieldValue;
try {
fieldValue = item.getString("UTF-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("不支持UTF-8編碼");
}
System.out.println(fieldName+"="+fieldValue);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
5、關於臨時文件問題
a、DiskFileItemFactory
public void setRepository(File repository)：設置臨時文件的存放目錄
public void setSizeThreshold(int sizeThreshold)：設置緩存的大小
b、
文件上傳時，自己用IO流處理，一定要在流關閉後刪除臨時文件。FileItem.delete()
建議使用：FileItem.writer(File f).會自動刪除臨時文件。
6、限制文件的大小
a、
ServletFileUpload.setFileSizeMax(3*1024*1024);//設置單個文件上傳的大小
b、
ServletFileUpload.setSizeMax(6*1024*1024);//多文件上傳時總大小限制
