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 程式師世界 >> 編程語言 >> JAVA編程 >> JAVA綜合教程 >> Java 線程通信,java線程通信

Java 線程通信,java線程通信

編輯:JAVA綜合教程

Java 線程通信,java線程通信


線程通信用來保證線程協調運行,一般在做線程同步的時候才需要考慮線程通信的問題。

1、傳統的線程通信

通常利用Objeclt類提供的三個方法:

wait() 導致當前線程等待,並釋放該同步監視器的鎖定,直到其它線程調用該同步監視器的notify()或者notifyAll()方法喚醒線程。

notify(),喚醒在此同步監視器上等待的線程,如果有多個會任意選擇一個喚醒

notifyAll() 喚醒在此同步監視器上等待的所有線程,這些線程通過調度競爭資源後,某個線程獲取此同步監視器的鎖,然後得以運行。

這三個方法必須由同步監視器對象調用,分為兩張情況:

同步方法時,由於同步監視器為this對象,所以可以直接調用這三個方法。

示例如下:

public class SyncMethodThreadCommunication {
    static class DataWrap{
        int data = 0;
        boolean flag = false;
        
        public synchronized void addThreadA(){
            if (flag) {
                try {
                    wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } 
            
            data++;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + data);
            flag = true;
            notify();
        }
        
        public synchronized void addThreadB() {
            if (!flag) {
                try {
                    wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } 
            
            data++;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + data);
            flag = false;
            notify();
        }
    }
    
    static class ThreadA extends Thread {
        private DataWrap data;
        
        public ThreadA(DataWrap dataWrap) {
            this.data = dataWrap;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                data.addThreadA();
            }
        }
    }
    
    static class ThreadB extends Thread {
        private DataWrap data;
        
        public ThreadB(DataWrap dataWrap) {
            this.data = dataWrap;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                data.addThreadB();
            }
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //實現兩個線程輪流對數據進行加一操作
        DataWrap dataWrap = new DataWrap();
        
        new ThreadA(dataWrap).start();
        new ThreadB(dataWrap).start();
    }

}

 

同步代碼塊時,需要使用監視器對象調用這三個方法。

示例如下:

public class SyncBlockThreadComminication {
    static class DataWrap{
        boolean flag;
        int data;
    }
    
    static class ThreadA extends Thread{
        DataWrap dataWrap;
        
        public ThreadA(DataWrap dataWrap){
            this.dataWrap = dataWrap;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for(int i = 0 ; i < 10; i++) {
                synchronized (dataWrap) {
                    if (dataWrap.flag) {
                        try {
                            dataWrap.wait();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    
                    dataWrap.data++;
                    System.out.println(getName() + " " + dataWrap.data);
                    dataWrap.flag = true;
                    dataWrap.notify();
                }    
            }
        }
    }
    
    static class ThreadB extends Thread{
        DataWrap dataWrap;
        
        public ThreadB(DataWrap dataWrap){
            this.dataWrap = dataWrap;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                    synchronized (dataWrap) {
                        if (!dataWrap.flag) {
                            try {
                                dataWrap.wait();
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                        
                        dataWrap.data++;
                        System.out.println(getName() + " " + dataWrap.data);
                        dataWrap.flag = false;
                        dataWrap.notify();
                    }
                }    
            }
            
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //實現兩個線程輪流對數據進行加一操作
        
        DataWrap dataWrap = new DataWrap();
        new ThreadA(dataWrap).start();
        new ThreadB(dataWrap).start();
    }

}

2、使用Condition控制線程通信

 當使用Lock對象保證同步時,則使用Condition對象來保證協調。

示例如下:

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

import com.sun.media.sound.RIFFInvalidDataException;

import javafx.scene.chart.PieChart.Data;

public class SyncLockThreadCommunication {
    static class DataWrap {
        int data;
        boolean flag;
        
        private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
        private final Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
        
        public void addThreadA() {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                if (flag) {
                    try {
                        condition.await();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                
                data++;
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + data);
                flag = true;
                condition.signal();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
        
        public void addThreadB() {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                if (!flag) {
                    try {
                        condition.await();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                
                data++;
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + data);
                flag = false;
                condition.signal();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
    
    static class ThreadA extends Thread{
        DataWrap dataWrap;
        
        public ThreadA(DataWrap dataWrap) {
            this.dataWrap = dataWrap;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                dataWrap.addThreadA();
            }
        }
    }
    
    static class ThreadB extends Thread{
        DataWrap dataWrap;
        
        public ThreadB(DataWrap dataWrap) {
            this.dataWrap = dataWrap;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                dataWrap.addThreadB();
            }
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //實現兩個線程輪流對數據進行加一操作
        
        DataWrap dataWrap = new DataWrap();
        new ThreadA(dataWrap).start();
        new ThreadB(dataWrap).start();
    }

}

其中Condition對象的await(), singal(),singalAll()分別對應wait(),notify()和notifyAll()方法。

3、使用阻塞隊列BlockingQueue控制線程通信

BlockingQueue是Queue接口的子接口,主要用來做線程通信使用,它具有一個特征:當生產者線程試圖向BlockingQueue中放入元素時,如果隊列已滿,則該線程被阻塞;當消費者線程試圖從BlockingQueue中取出元素時,如果隊列已空,則該線程被阻塞。這兩個特征分別對應兩個支持阻塞的方法,put(E e)和take()

示例如下:

import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;

public class BlockingQueueThreadComminication {
    static class DataWrap{
        int data;
    }
    
    static class ThreadA extends Thread{
        private BlockingQueue<DataWrap> blockingQueue;
        
        public ThreadA(BlockingQueue<DataWrap> blockingQueue, String name) {
            super(name);
            this.blockingQueue = blockingQueue;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                try {
                    DataWrap dataWrap = blockingQueue.take();
                    
                    dataWrap.data++;
                    System.out.println(getName() + " " + dataWrap.data);
                    sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    static class ThreadB extends Thread{
        private BlockingQueue<DataWrap> blockingQueue;
        private DataWrap dataWrap;
        
        public ThreadB(BlockingQueue<DataWrap> blockingQueue, DataWrap dataWrap, String name) {
            super(name);
            this.blockingQueue = blockingQueue;
            this.dataWrap = dataWrap;
        }
        
        @Override
        public void run() {
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                try {
                    dataWrap.data++;
                    System.out.println(getName() + " " + dataWrap.data);
                    blockingQueue.put(dataWrap);
                    sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ///實現兩個線程輪流對數據進行加一操作
        
        DataWrap dataWrap = new DataWrap();
        BlockingQueue<DataWrap> blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(1);
        
        new ThreadA(blockingQueue, "Consumer").start();
        new ThreadB(blockingQueue, dataWrap, "Producer").start();
    }

}

BlockingQueue共有五個實現類:

ArrayBlockingQueue 基於數組實現的BlockingQueue隊列

LinkedBlockingQueue 基於鏈表實現的BlockingQueue隊列

PriorityBlockingQueue 中元素需實現Comparable接口,其中元素的排序是按照Comparator進行的定制排序。

SynchronousQueue 同步隊列,要求對該隊列的存取操作必須是交替進行。

DelayQueue 集合元素必須實現Delay接口,隊列中元素排序按照Delay接口方法getDelay()的返回值進行排序。

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