啟動sshd時,報“Could not load host key”錯
現象:啟動sshd服務時,雖看似服務啟動成功,但客戶端並不能連接上sshd服務器端。
如下:
- [root@aefe8007a17d ~]# /usr/sbin/sshd
- Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
- Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
- Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
原因:
1. 從提示信息看是sshd守護進程不能加載主機密鑰文件,因為找不到這些密鑰文件(配置文件/etc/ssh/sshd_config中已定義密鑰文件名與路徑);
2. 一般openssh服務正常安裝後,主機會自動生成相應的主機密鑰文件,但這裡因未知原因並沒有完成這一步動作,導致無法遠程ssh連接。
檢查密鑰文件是否存在(還有一種現象為:密鑰文件存在,但文件大小為0):
- [root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ll /etc/ssh/
- total 252
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 242153 Mar 21 22:18 moduli
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2208 Mar 21 22:18 ssh_config
- -rw------- 1 root root 4361 Mar 21 22:18 sshd_config
重新生成主機密鑰文件:
1. 生成rsa_key (-t表示生成的密鑰所使用的加密類型;-f項後接要生成的密鑰文件名);
- [root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
- Generating public/private rsa key pair.
- Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
- Enter same passphrase again:
- Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.
- Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub.
- The key fingerprint is:
- 5e:2d:19:51:b1:e3:e0:60:65:53:e4:14:f8:d8:38:af root@aefe8007a17d
- The key's randomart image is:
- +--[ RSA 2048]----+
- | ==Bo |
- | o.= . |
- | o o=+ |
- | . o+*o. |
- | S =oo |
- | . . .. |
- | . . |
- | E |
- | |
- +-----------------+
- [root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
2. 生成ecdsa_key;
- [root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
3. 生成ed25519_key。
- [root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
再次檢查密鑰文件是否存在且合規,可以看到已生成相應主機密鑰文件(實際上主機密鑰文件為私鑰,.pub文件為公鑰):
- [root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ll /etc/ssh/
- total 276
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 242153 Mar 21 22:18 moduli
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2208 Mar 21 22:18 ssh_config
- -rw------- 1 root root 227 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_ecdsa_key
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 179 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub
- -rw------- 1 root root 411 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_ed25519_key
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 99 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub
- -rw------- 1 root root 1679 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_rsa_key
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 399 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
- -rw------- 1 root root 4361 Mar 21 22:18 sshd_config
此時客戶端可ssh連接上sshd服務器端:
- [root@localhost ~]# ssh 172.17.0.2
- The authenticity of host '172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2)'can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 37:2a:69:46:c4:bd:92:b2:43:b4:cc:42:41:8e:12:2e.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?