hi
又是周六,又是磨蹭個一上午~午飯後開始吧
1、MySQL
-----子查詢與連接(三)-----
----使用INSERT...SELECT插入記錄
--數據庫內容的英文版本
由於我的WAMP中的MYSQL控制台顯示中文無力,在更改過程中心力交瘁,遂改變戰術,把數據改為了全英文的,現分享出來
-- 創建數據表
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS goods(
goods_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
goods_name VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL,
goods_cate VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
brand_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
goods_price DECIMAL(15,3) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
is_show BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
is_saleoff BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
);
-- 寫入記錄
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('R510VC 15.6Inches Laptop','Laptop','ASUS','3399',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Y400N 14.0Inches Laptop','Laptop','Lenovo','4899',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('G150TH 15.6Inches Gamebook','Gamebook','ThunderGod','8499',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('X550CC 15.6Inches Laptop','Laptop','ASUS','2799',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('X240(20ALA0EYCD) 12.5InchesUltrabook','Ultrabook','Lenovo','4999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('U330P 13.3Inches Ultrabook','Ultrabook','Lenovo','4299',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('SVP13226SCB 13.3Inches Touch Ultrabook','Ultrabook','Sony','7999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iPad mini MD531CH/A 7.9Inches Tablet','Tablet','Apple','1998',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iPad Air MD788CH/A 9.7Inches Tablet (16G WiFi Vision)','Tablet','Apple','3388',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(' iPad mini ME279CH/A with Retina screen 7.9InchesTablet (16G WiFi Vision)','Tablet','Apple','2788',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('IdeaCentre C340 20Inches All-in-one ','Desktop','Lenovo','3499',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Vostro 3800-R1206 desktop','Desktop','Dell','2899',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iMac ME086CH/A 21.5Inches All-in-one','Desktop','Apple','9188',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('AT7-7414LP Desktop (i5-3450 4G 500G 2GIndependent graphics card DVD Keyboard&Mouse Linux )','Desktop','Acer','3699',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Z220SFF F4F06PAWork station','server/Work station','HP','4288',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('PowerEdge T110 IIserver','server/Work station','Dell','5388',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Mac Pro MD878CH/A Professional Desktop','server/Work station','Apple','28888',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(' HMZ-T3W Headset Display Device','Laptop accessory','Sony','6999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Business Backpage','Laptopaccessory','Sony','99',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('X3250 M4 server 2583i14','server/Work station','IBM','6888',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Xuanlong Laptop Radiator','Laptop accessory','Windgod','',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(' HMZ-T3W Headset Display Device','Laptop accessory','Sony','6999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
INSERT goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Business Backpage','Laptop accessory','Sony','99',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);
---INSERT...SELECT
INSERT [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name)] SELECT
使用的時候就這樣,創建一個新的表
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS cates(
cate_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
cate_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL
);
然後把原數據表中的東西有選擇性的插入進來
INSERT INTO CATES(CATE_NAME) SELECT GOODS_CATE FROM GOODS GROUP BY GOODS_CATE;
如果需要根據目錄表cates,來更新我們的參數表——多表更新
----多表更新
--多步
UPDATE table_ref SET col_name=... ...
其中,ref是表的參照關系
這裡有連接關系,INNER JOIN LEFT JOIN 等
最簡單的是INNER,內連接
mysql> UPDATE GOODS INNER JOIN CATES ON GOODS_CATE=CATE_NAME
-> SET GOODS_CATE=CATE_ID;
(請原諒我不想打小寫的了。。)
解釋一下:更新goods這張表,內連接cates這張表,在什麼條件呢——goods_cate=cate_name,設定的值是什麼呢,是cates這張表中的cate_id
mysql> SELECT * FROM GOODS\G; 驗證一下
--一步
CREATE...SELECT...
即創建表的同時寫入連接的數據
這裡的例子是:對品牌做連接更新
mysql> SELECT BRAND_NAME FROM GOODS GROUP BY BRAND_NAME;
mysql> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS brands(
-> brand_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> brand_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL
-> )
-> SELECT BRAND_NAME FROM GOODS GROUP BY BRAND_NAME;
就可以省去INSERT的操作了
但是這時候更新要出錯
mysql> UPDATE GOODS INNER JOIN BRANDS ON BRAND_NAME=BRAND_NAME
-> SET BRAND_NAME=BRAND_ID;
ERROR 1052 (23000): Champ: 'BRAND_NAME' dans field list est ambigu
因為名字一樣,要改字段,或者起別名AS
mysql> UPDATE GOODS AS G INNER JOIN BRANDS AS B ON G.BRAND_NAME=B.BRAND_NAME
-> SET G.BRAND_NAME=BRAND_ID;
雖然實現了外表的更新,但是,比如說goods_cate的類型還是varchar,而我們其實希望主表中,它是int類型的。這時候由於需要修改字段名以及數據類型,用ALTER CHANGE
mysql> ALTER TABLE GOODS
-> CHANGE GOODS_CATE CATE_ID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
-> CHANGE BRAND_NAME BRAND_ID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL;
這種外鍵稱為事實外鍵,比foreign key的物理外鍵還要多
----連接
由於我們實現了多表的存儲,但是由於顯示等需求,要求多個表聯動,需要用到連接
數據表參照ref:tbl_name [[AS] alias] | table_subquery [AS] alias
---INNER JOIN
使用ON來設定連接條件,WHERE一般做進一步的篩選
內連接,僅顯示符合連接條件的記錄
SELECT GOODS_ID,GOODS_NAME,CATE_NAME FROM GOODS INNER JOIN CATES ON GOODS.CATE_ID=CATES.CATE_ID;
翻譯一下:選取goods表中的goods_id,goods_name,cate_name字段,但是顯示的時候,需要內連接cates表(因為我們不想顯示的是類型的數字表示),條件是當兩者的cate_id字段相等;這裡由於cate_id沒有給別名,所以寫成表名.cate_id
會發現,這個內連接的顯示,只顯示了on條件的結果
---外連接
外連接又分為左外和右外
LEFT JOIN顯示左表的全部記錄和右表符合鏈接條件的記錄,例子如下
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
| GOODS_ID | GOODS_NAME | CATE_NAME |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
| 1 | R510VC 15.6Inches Laptop | Laptop |
| 2 | Y400N 14.0Inches Laptop | Laptop |
| 3 | G150TH 15.6Inches Gamebook | Gamebook |
| 4 | X550CC 15.6Inches Laptop | Laptop |
| 5 | X240(20ALA0EYCD) 12.5InchesUltrabook | Ultrabook |
| 6 | U330P 13.3Inches Ultrabook | Ultrabook |
| 7 | SVP13226SCB 13.3Inches Touch Ultrabook | Ultrabook |
| 8 | iPad mini MD531CH/A 7.9Inches Tablet | Tablet |
| 9 | iPad Air MD788CH/A 9.7Inches Tablet ?16G WiFi Vision? | Tablet |
| 10 | iPad mini ME279CH/A with Retina screen 7.9InchesTablet ?16G WiFi Vision? | Tablet |
| 11 | IdeaCentre C340 20Inches All-in-one | Desktop |
| 12 | Vostro 3800-R1206 desktop | Desktop |
| 13 | iMac ME086CH/A 21.5Inches All-in-one | Desktop |
| 14 | AT7-7414LP Desktop ?i5-3450 4G 500G 2GIndependent graphics card DVD Keyboard&Mouse Linux ? | Desktop |
| 15 | Z220SFF F4F06PAWork station | server/Work station |
| 16 | PowerEdge T110 IIserver | server/Work station |
| 17 | Mac Pro MD878CH/A Professional Desktop | server/Work station |
| 18 | HMZ-T3W Headset Display Device | Laptop accessory |
| 19 | Business Backpage | Laptop accessory |
| 20 | X3250 M4 server 2583i14 | server/Work station |
| 21 | Xuanlong Laptop Radiator | Laptop accessory |
| 22 | HMZ-T3W Headset Display Device | Laptop accessory |
| 23 | Business Backpage | Laptop accessory |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
23 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT GOODS_ID,GOODS_NAME,CATE_NAME FROM GOODS LEFT JOIN CATES ON GOODS.CATE_ID=CATES.CATE_ID;
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
| GOODS_ID | GOODS_NAME | CATE_NAME |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
| 1 | R510VC 15.6Inches Laptop | Laptop |
| 2 | Y400N 14.0Inches Laptop | Laptop |
| 3 | G150TH 15.6Inches Gamebook | Gamebook |
| 4 | X550CC 15.6Inches Laptop | Laptop |
| 5 | X240(20ALA0EYCD) 12.5InchesUltrabook | Ultrabook |
| 6 | U330P 13.3Inches Ultrabook | Ultrabook |
| 7 | SVP13226SCB 13.3Inches Touch Ultrabook | Ultrabook |
| 8 | iPad mini MD531CH/A 7.9Inches Tablet | Tablet |
| 9 | iPad Air MD788CH/A 9.7Inches Tablet ?16G WiFi Vision? | Tablet |
| 10 | iPad mini ME279CH/A with Retina screen 7.9InchesTablet ?16G WiFi Vision? | Tablet |
| 11 | IdeaCentre C340 20Inches All-in-one | Desktop |
| 12 | Vostro 3800-R1206 desktop | Desktop |
| 13 | iMac ME086CH/A 21.5Inches All-in-one | Desktop |
| 14 | AT7-7414LP Desktop ?i5-3450 4G 500G 2GIndependent graphics card DVD Keyboard&Mouse Linux ? | Desktop |
| 15 | Z220SFF F4F06PAWork station | server/Work station |
| 16 | PowerEdge T110 IIserver | server/Work station |
| 17 | Mac Pro MD878CH/A Professional Desktop | server/Work station |
| 18 | HMZ-T3W Headset Display Device | Laptop accessory |
| 19 | Business Backpage | Laptop accessory |
| 20 | X3250 M4 server 2583i14 | server/Work station |
| 21 | Xuanlong Laptop Radiator | Laptop accessory |
| 22 | HMZ-T3W Headset Display Device | Laptop accessory |
| 23 | Business Backpage | Laptop accessory |
| 24 | LaserJet Pro P1606dn Black&White blazer printer | NULL |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
24 rows in set (0.00 sec)
注意最後一個記錄的類名是null
RIGHT JOIN是這樣的
mysql> SELECT GOODS_ID,GOODS_NAME,CATE_NAME FROM GOODS RIGHT JOIN CATES ON GOODS.CATE_ID=CATES.CATE_ID;
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
| GOODS_ID | GOODS_NAME | CATE_NAME |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
| 1 | R510VC 15.6Inches Laptop | Laptop |
| 2 | Y400N 14.0Inches Laptop | Laptop |
| 3 | G150TH 15.6Inches Gamebook | Gamebook |
| 4 | X550CC 15.6Inches Laptop | Laptop |
| 5 | X240(20ALA0EYCD) 12.5InchesUltrabook | Ultrabook |
| 6 | U330P 13.3Inches Ultrabook | Ultrabook |
| 7 | SVP13226SCB 13.3Inches Touch Ultrabook | Ultrabook |
| 8 | iPad mini MD531CH/A 7.9Inches Tablet | Tablet |
| 9 | iPad Air MD788CH/A 9.7Inches Tablet ?16G WiFi Vision? | Tablet |
| 10 | iPad mini ME279CH/A with Retina screen 7.9InchesTablet ?16G WiFi Vision? | Tablet |
| 11 | IdeaCentre C340 20Inches All-in-one | Desktop |
| 12 | Vostro 3800-R1206 desktop | Desktop |
| 13 | iMac ME086CH/A 21.5Inches All-in-one | Desktop |
| 14 | AT7-7414LP Desktop ?i5-3450 4G 500G 2GIndependent graphics card DVD Keyboard&Mouse Linux ? | Desktop |
| 15 | Z220SFF F4F06PAWork station | server/Work station |
| 16 | PowerEdge T110 IIserver | server/Work station |
| 17 | Mac Pro MD878CH/A Professional Desktop | server/Work station |
| 18 | HMZ-T3W Headset Display Device | Laptop accessory |
| 19 | Business Backpage | Laptop accessory |
| 20 | X3250 M4 server 2583i14 | server/Work station |
| 21 | Xuanlong Laptop Radiator | Laptop accessory |
| 22 | HMZ-T3W Headset Display Device | Laptop accessory |
| 23 | Business Backpage | Laptop accessory |
| NULL | NULL | Adaptor |
| NULL | NULL | Exchanger |
| NULL | NULL | Netcard |
+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------+
26 rows in set (0.00 sec)
----多表連接
mysql> SELECT GOODS_ID,GOODS_NAME,CATE_NAME,BRAND_NAME,GOODS_PRICE FROM GOODS AS G
-> INNER JOIN CATES AS C ON G.CATE_ID=C.CATE_ID
-> INNER JOIN BRANDS AS B ON G.BRAND_ID=B.BRAND_ID;
每連接一個表就需要一個JOIN,注意起別名給數據表!
此時的顯示雖然跟一開始一樣,但實現不同,意義大不一樣
----無限級分類表設計
一般實際中會出現無限級數據表,不斷往下分
舉個例子
CREATE TABLE goods_types(
type_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
type_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
parent_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Home Electronics',DEFAULT);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('PC、Office',DEFAULT);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Appliances',1);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Life Appliances',1);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Tablet TV',3);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Air Conditioner',3);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Electrical Fan',4);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Water Dispenser',4);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Complete Machine',2);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Accessory',2);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Laptop',9);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Ultrabook',9);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Gamebook',9);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('CPU',10);
INSERT goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('Host Computer',10);
mysql> SELECT * FROM GOODS_TYPES;
+---------+------------------+-----------+
| type_id | type_name | parent_id |
+---------+------------------+-----------+
| 1 | Home Electronics | 0 |
| 2 | PC?Office | 0 |
| 3 | Appliances | 1 |
| 4 | Life Appliances | 1 |
| 5 | Tablet TV | 3 |
| 6 | Air Conditioner | 3 |
| 7 | Electrical Fan | 4 |
| 8 | Water Dispenser | 4 |
| 9 | Complete Machine | 2 |
| 10 | Accessory | 2 |
| 11 | Laptop | 9 |
| 12 | Ultrabook | 9 |
| 13 | Gamebook | 9 |
| 14 | CPU | 10 |
| 15 | Host Computer | 10 |
+---------+------------------+-----------+
注意parent_id,是指改節點的級別,比如0,表示home electronics沒有父節點,是個頂級節點
查找的實現,是通過自身連接來完成的
---自身連接
舉個例子,顯示所有類別的父類是什麼
這裡,自身的連接,可以想象右邊有一張一模一樣的表(左邊也可以,有些東西稍微變一下就行)
mysql> SELECT S.TYPE_ID,S.TYPE_NAME,P.TYPE_NAME FROM GOODS_TYPES AS S LEFT JOIN GOODS_TYPES AS P
-> ON S.PARENT_ID=P.TYPE_ID;
+---------+------------------+------------------+
| TYPE_ID | TYPE_NAME | TYPE_NAME |
+---------+------------------+------------------+
| 1 | Home Electronics | NULL |
| 2 | PC?Office | NULL |
| 3 | Appliances | Home Electronics |
| 4 | Life Appliances | Home Electronics |
| 5 | Tablet TV | Appliances |
| 6 | Air Conditioner | Appliances |
| 7 | Electrical Fan | Life Appliances |
| 8 | Water Dispenser | Life Appliances |
| 9 | Complete Machine | PC?Office |
| 10 | Accessory | PC?Office |
| 11 | Laptop | Complete Machine |
| 12 | Ultrabook | Complete Machine |
| 13 | Gamebook | Complete Machine |
| 14 | CPU | Accessory |
| 15 | Host Computer | Accessory |
+---------+------------------+------------------+
翻譯一下,就是,可以先從條件說起,當子表s中的parent_id=父表中的type_id時,選取子表的type_id,type_name,以及父表的type_name顯示,這裡的別名可以在語句的末尾處顯示
要把這個邏輯關系先說說/想想清楚,再翻譯為sql語句
反過來,查找所有類別的子類
先考慮邏輯關系:當父表的type_id=子表的parent_id時,取 P.TYPE_ID,P.TYPE_NAME,S.TYPE_NAME ——再寫出語句
mysql> SELECT P.TYPE_ID,P.TYPE_NAME,S.TYPE_NAME FROM GOODS_TYPES AS P LEFT JOIN GOODS_TYPES AS S
-> ON P.TYPE_ID=S.PARENT_ID;
+---------+------------------+------------------+
| TYPE_ID | TYPE_NAME | TYPE_NAME |
+---------+------------------+------------------+
| 1 | Home Electronics | Appliances |
| 1 | Home Electronics | Life Appliances |
| 3 | Appliances | Tablet TV |
| 3 | Appliances | Air Conditioner |
| 4 | Life Appliances | Electrical Fan |
| 4 | Life Appliances | Water Dispenser |
| 2 | PC?Office | Complete Machine |
| 2 | PC?Office | Accessory |
| 9 | Complete Machine | Laptop |
| 9 | Complete Machine | Ultrabook |
| 9 | Complete Machine | Gamebook |
| 10 | Accessory | CPU |
| 10 | Accessory | Host Computer |
| 5 | Tablet TV | NULL |
| 6 | Air Conditioner | NULL |
| 7 | Electrical Fan | NULL |
| 8 | Water Dispenser | NULL |
| 11 | Laptop | NULL |
| 12 | Ultrabook | NULL |
| 13 | Gamebook | NULL |
| 14 | CPU | NULL |
| 15 | Host Computer | NULL |
+---------+------------------+------------------+
再復雜一點,且留給你們自己翻譯
mysql> SELECT P.TYPE_ID,P.TYPE_NAME,COUNT(S.TYPE_NAME) CHILD_COUNT FROM GOODS_TYPES AS P LEFT JOIN GOODS_TYPES AS S
-> ON P.TYPE_ID=S.PARENT_ID GROUP BY P.TYPE_NAME ORDER BY P.TYPE_ID;
+---------+------------------+-------------+
| TYPE_ID | TYPE_NAME | CHILD_COUNT |
+---------+------------------+-------------+
| 1 | Home Electronics | 2 |
| 2 | PC?Office | 2 |
| 3 | Appliances | 2 |
| 4 | Life Appliances | 2 |
| 5 | Tablet TV | 0 |
| 6 | Air Conditioner | 0 |
| 7 | Electrical Fan | 0 |
| 8 | Water Dispenser | 0 |
| 9 | Complete Machine | 3 |
| 10 | Accessory | 2 |
| 11 | Laptop | 0 |
| 12 | Ultrabook | 0 |
| 13 | Gamebook | 0 |
| 14 | CPU | 0 |
| 15 | Host Computer | 0 |
+---------+------------------+-------------+
----多表刪除
基本思路也是通過一張表模擬多張表的操作
懶了,直接復制看吧,需要了再去做
-- INSERT ... SELECT實現復制
INSERT goods(goods_name,cate_id,brand_id) SELECT goods_name,cate_id,brand_id FROM goods WHERE goods_id IN (19,20);
-- 查找重復記錄
SELECT goods_id,goods_name FROM goods GROUP BY goods_name HAVING count(goods_name) >= 2;
-- 刪除重復記錄
DELETE t1 FROM goods AS t1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT goods_id,goods_name FROM goods GROUP BY goods_name HAVING count(goods_name) >= 2 ) AS t2 ON t1.goods_name = t2.goods_name WHERE t1.goods_id > t2.goods_id;