今天給大家帶來的是如何利用socket發送GET,POST請求。我借用燕十八老師封裝好的一個Http類給進行說明。
在日常編程中相信很多人和我一樣大部分時間是利用浏覽器向服務器提出GET,POST請求,那麼可否利用其它方式提出GET,POST請求呢?答案必然是肯定的。了解過HTTP協議的人知道,浏覽器提交請求的實質是向服務器發送一個請求信息,這個請求信息有請求行,請求頭,請求體(非必須)構成。服務器根據請求信息返回一個響應信息。連接斷開。
HTTP請求的格式如下所示:
<request-line> <headers> <blank line> [<request-body>]
HTTP響應的格式與請求的格式十分相似:
<status-line> <headers> <blank line> [<response-body>]
我們可以利用HTTP發送請求的原理,可以重新考慮利用socket發送HTTP請求。
Socket的英文原義是“孔”或“插座”。通常也稱作“套接字”,用於描述IP地址和端口,是一個通信鏈的句柄,可以用來實現不同虛擬機或不同計算機之間的通信。在Internet上的主機一般運行了多個服務軟件,同時提供幾種服務。每種服務都打開一個Socket,並綁定到一個端口上,不同的端口對應於不同的服務。如此看來,其實利用socket操作遠程文件和讀寫本地的文件一樣容易,把本地文件看成通過硬件傳輸,遠程文件通過網線傳輸就行了。
因而可以將發送請求的考慮成 建立連接->打開socket接口(fsockopen())->寫入請求(fwrite())->讀出響應(fread()->關閉文件(fclose())。話不多說,直接上代碼:
<?php interface Proto { // 連接url function conn($url); //發送get查詢 function get(); // 發送post查詢 function post(); // 關閉連接 function close(); } class Http implements Proto { const CRLF = "\r\n"; protected $errno = -1; protected $errstr = ''; protected $response = ''; protected $url = null; protected $version = 'HTTP/1.1'; protected $fh = null; protected $line = array(); protected $header = array(); protected $body = array(); public function __construct($url) { $this->conn($url); $this->setHeader('Host: ' . $this->url['host']); } // 此方法負責寫請求行 protected function setLine($method) { $this->line[0] = $method . ' ' . $this->url['path'] . '?' .$this->url['query'] . ' '. $this->version; } // 此方法負責寫頭信息 public function setHeader($headerline) { $this->header[] = $headerline; } // 此方法負責寫主體信息 protected function setBody($body) { $this->body[] = http_build_query($body); } // 連接url public function conn($url) { $this->url = parse_url($url); // 判斷端口 if(!isset($this->url['port'])) { $this->url['port'] = 80; } // 判斷query if(!isset($this->url['query'])) { $this->url['query'] = ''; } $this->fh = fsockopen($this->url['host'],$this->url['port'],$this->errno,$this->errstr,3); } //構造get請求的數據 public function get() { $this->setLine('GET'); $this->request(); return $this->response; } // 構造post查詢的數據 public function post($body = array()) { $this->setLine('POST'); // 設計content-type $this->setHeader('Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded'); // 設計主體信息,比GET不一樣的地方 $this->setBody($body); // 計算content-length $this->setHeader('Content-length: ' . strlen($this->body[0])); $this->request(); return $this->response; } // 真正請求 public function request() { // 把請求行,頭信息,實體信息 放在一個數組裡,便於拼接 $req = array_merge($this->line,$this->header,array(''),$this->body,array('')); //print_r($req); $req = implode(self::CRLF,$req); //echo $req; exit; fwrite($this->fh,$req); while(!feof($this->fh)) { $this->response .= fread($this->fh,1024); } $this->close(); // 關閉連接 } // 關閉連接 public function close() { fclose($this->fh); } }
利用此類發送一個簡單的GET請求:
<?php //記得引用Http類 $url="http://home.jb51.net/u/DeanChopper/"; $http=new Http($url); $response=$http->get(); print_r($response);
返回值為信息,可以對響應信息進行進一步處理,得到自己想得到的內容。
我們來看下一個具體的實例
<?php /** * 使用PHP Socket 編程模擬Http post和get請求 * @author koma */ class Http{ private $sp = "\r\n"; //這裡必須要寫成雙引號 private $protocol = 'HTTP/1.1'; private $requestLine = ""; private $requestHeader = ""; private $requestBody = ""; private $requestInfo = ""; private $fp = null; private $urlinfo = null; private $header = array(); private $body = ""; private $responseInfo = ""; private static $http = null; //Http對象單例 private function __construct() {} public static function create() { if ( self::$http === null ) { self::$http = new Http(); } return self::$http; } public function init($url) { $this->parseurl($url); $this->header['Host'] = $this->urlinfo['host']; return $this; } public function get($header = array()) { $this->header = array_merge($this->header, $header); return $this->request('GET'); } public function post($header = array(), $body = array()) { $this->header = array_merge($this->header, $header); if ( !empty($body) ) { $this->body = http_build_query($body); $this->header['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'; $this->header['Content-Length'] = strlen($this->body); } return $this->request('POST'); } private function request($method) { $header = ""; $this->requestLine = $method.' '.$this->urlinfo['path'].'?'.$this->urlinfo['query'].' '.$this->protocol; foreach ( $this->header as $key => $value ) { $header .= $header == "" ? $key.':'.$value : $this->sp.$key.':'.$value; } $this->requestHeader = $header.$this->sp.$this->sp; $this->requestInfo = $this->requestLine.$this->sp.$this->requestHeader; if ( $this->body != "" ) { $this->requestInfo .= $this->body; } /* * 注意:這裡的fsockopen中的url參數形式為"www.xxx.com" * 不能夠帶"http://"這種 */ $port = isset($this->urlinfo['port']) ? isset($this->urlinfo['port']) : '80'; $this->fp = fsockopen($this->urlinfo['host'], $port, $errno, $errstr); if ( !$this->fp ) { echo $errstr.'('.$errno.')'; return false; } if ( fwrite($this->fp, $this->requestInfo) ) { $str = ""; while ( !feof($this->fp) ) { $str .= fread($this->fp, 1024); } $this->responseInfo = $str; } fclose($this->fp); return $this->responseInfo; } private function parseurl($url) { $this->urlinfo = parse_url($url); } } // $url = "http://news.163.com/14/1102/01/AA0PFA7Q00014AED.html"; $url = "http://localhost/httppro/post.php"; $http = Http::create()->init($url); /* 發送get請求 echo $http->get(array( 'User-Agent' => 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.1916.153 Safari/537.36', )); */ /* 發送post請求 */ echo $http->post(array( 'User-Agent' => 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.1916.153 Safari/537.36', ), array('username'=>'發一個中文', 'age'=>22));