php服務端與客戶端交互、提供開放api時,通常需要對敏感的部分api數據傳輸進行數據加密,這時候rsa非對稱加密就能派上用處了,下面通過一個例子來說明如何用php來實現數據的加密解密
1、加密解密的第一步是生成公鑰、私鑰對,私鑰加密的內容能通過公鑰解密(反過來亦可以)
下載開源RSA密鑰生成工具openssl(通常Linux系統都自帶該程序),解壓縮至獨立的文件夾,進入其中的bin目錄,執行以下命令:
openssl genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024 openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in rsa_private_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt -out private_key.pem openssl rsa -in rsa_private_key.pem -pubout -out rsa_public_key.pem
第一條命令生成原始 RSA私鑰文件 rsa_private_key.pem,第二條命令將原始 RSA私鑰轉換為 pkcs8格式,第三條生成RSA公鑰 rsa_public_key.pem
從上面看出通過私鑰能生成對應的公鑰,因此我們將私鑰private_key.pem用在服務器端,公鑰發放給android跟ios等前端
2、php中用生成的公鑰、私鑰進行加密解密,直接上代碼
<?php $private_key = '-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- MIICXQIBAAKBgQC3//sR2tXw0wrC2DySx8vNGlqt3Y7ldU9+LBLI6e1KS5lfc5jl TGF7KBTSkCHBM3ouEHWqp1ZJ85iJe59aF5gIB2klBd6h4wrbbHA2XE1sq21ykja/ Gqx7/IRia3zQfxGv/qEkyGOx+XALVoOlZqDwh76o2n1vP1D+tD3amHsK7QIDAQAB AoGBAKH14bMitESqD4PYwODWmy7rrrvyFPEnJJTECLjvKB7IkrVxVDkp1XiJnGKH 2h5syHQ5qslPSGYJ1M/XkDnGINwaLVHVD3BoKKgKg1bZn7ao5pXT+herqxaVwWs6 ga63yVSIC8jcODxiuvxJnUMQRLaqoF6aUb/2VWc2T5MDmxLhAkEA3pwGpvXgLiWL 3h7QLYZLrLrbFRuRN4CYl4UYaAKokkAvZly04Glle8ycgOc2DzL4eiL4l/+x/gaq deJU/cHLRQJBANOZY0mEoVkwhU4bScSdnfM6usQowYBEwHYYh/OTv1a3SqcCE1f+ qbAclCqeNiHajCcDmgYJ53LfIgyv0wCS54kCQAXaPkaHclRkQlAdqUV5IWYyJ25f oiq+Y8SgCCs73qixrU1YpJy9yKA/meG9smsl4Oh9IOIGI+zUygh9YdSmEq0CQQC2 4G3IP2G3lNDRdZIm5NZ7PfnmyRabxk/UgVUWdk47IwTZHFkdhxKfC8QepUhBsAHL QjifGXY4eJKUBm3FpDGJAkAFwUxYssiJjvrHwnHFbg0rFkvvY63OSmnRxiL4X6EY yI9lblCsyfpl25l7l5zmJrAHn45zAiOoBrWqpM5edu7c -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----'; $public_key = '-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQC3//sR2tXw0wrC2DySx8vNGlqt 3Y7ldU9+LBLI6e1KS5lfc5jlTGF7KBTSkCHBM3ouEHWqp1ZJ85iJe59aF5gIB2kl Bd6h4wrbbHA2XE1sq21ykja/Gqx7/IRia3zQfxGv/qEkyGOx+XALVoOlZqDwh76o 2n1vP1D+tD3amHsK7QIDAQAB -----END PUBLIC KEY-----'; //echo $private_key; $pi_key = openssl_pkey_get_private($private_key);//這個函數可用來判斷私鑰是否是可用的,可用返回資源id Resource id $pu_key = openssl_pkey_get_public($public_key);//這個函數可用來判斷公鑰是否是可用的 print_r($pi_key);echo "\n"; print_r($pu_key);echo "\n"; $data = "aassssasssddd";//原始數據 $encrypted = ""; $decrypted = ""; echo "source data:",$data,"\n"; echo "private key encrypt:\n"; openssl_private_encrypt($data,$encrypted,$pi_key);//私鑰加密 $encrypted = base64_encode($encrypted);//加密後的內容通常含有特殊字符,需要編碼轉換下,在網絡間通過url傳輸時要注意base64編碼是否是url安全的 echo $encrypted,"\n"; echo "public key decrypt:\n"; openssl_public_decrypt(base64_decode($encrypted),$decrypted,$pu_key);//私鑰加密的內容通過公鑰可用解密出來 echo $decrypted,"\n"; echo "---------------------------------------\n"; echo "public key encrypt:\n"; openssl_public_encrypt($data,$encrypted,$pu_key);//公鑰加密 $encrypted = base64_encode($encrypted); echo $encrypted,"\n"; echo "private key decrypt:\n"; openssl_private_decrypt(base64_decode($encrypted),$decrypted,$pi_key);//私鑰解密 echo $decrypted,"\n";