在服務器編程當中,為了實現異步,經常性的需要回調函數,例如以下這段代碼
function send($value) { $data = process($value); onReceive($data); } function onReceive($recv_value) { var_dump($recv_value); } function process($value) { return $value+1; } $send_value = 1; send($send_value);
實現的東西很簡單,其實就是將send_value發送到遠端,遠端服務器對其進行加一操作後,發送回來,於是在onReceive中我們可以得到遠端服務器的返回值recv_value。
但是這樣的代碼就會看上去比較支離破碎,尤其是在process當中再次進行遠程過程調用的時候,會變得更加難以開發和維護。協程就是為了解決這樣的問題,使得異步的代碼看起來同步化。
下面就是使用php的yield完成代碼調度的示例(如果想看懂這段代碼,需要首先了解一下php 5.5的新特性generator和yield)
框架代碼如下:
class CCoroutine { /** * * @var Generator */ public $coroutine; /** * * @var miexed null or CCoroutine */ public $father; public function __construct($coroutine, $father = null) { $this->coroutine = $coroutine; $this->father = $father; } } class AsyncTask { public $data; public function __construct($data) { $this->data = $data; } } abstract class CoroutineScheduler { protected $coroutine = NULL; abstract function send_and_receive($value); public function run($data) { $co = $this->send_and_receive($data); $ccoroutine = new CCoroutine($co); $this->schedule($ccoroutine); } protected function schedule($ccoroutine) { $task = $ccoroutine->coroutine->current(); //如果當前值為空,表示這個$ccoroutine應該已經結束了 if (is_null($task)) { if (is_null($ccoroutine->father)) { //已經徹底調度結束了--一般是onRecieve方法運行到最後一步了 return; } else { //注意,如果運行到這個分支,則表示子生成器沒有給父生成器傳數據 //子生成器可能是通過引用傳遞來改變父生成器的變量值 //所以這個時候只要調度父生成器就可以了 $ccoroutine->father->coroutine->next(); $father = $ccoroutine->father; $this->schedule($father); unset($ccoroutine); } } else { if (is_object($task) && $task instanceof AsyncTask) { //當task是異步數據請求的時候,開始處理socket並且將進程熄火在這裡 $this->dealTask($task, $ccoroutine); } elseif (is_object($task) && $task instanceof \Generator) { //當task是生成器時,表示當前生成器又有了子生成器的調用 $newcc = new CCoroutine($task, $ccoroutine); $this->schedule($newcc); } elseif ($ccoroutine->father != null) { //注意,如果運行到這個分支,則表示在子的生成器裡調用了yield $str;這樣的寫法 //我們規定這種寫法是在給父生成器傳數據,所以當前生成器就會終止調用了轉而去調度父生成器 $ccoroutine->father->coroutine->send($task); $father = $ccoroutine->father; $this->schedule($father); unset($ccoroutine); } } } protected function dealTask($task, $ccoroutine) { $this->coroutine = $ccoroutine; $this->send($task->data); } public function send($value) { $data = $this->process($value); $this->onReceive($data); } public function process($value) { return $value+1; } protected function onReceive($data) { $this->coroutine->coroutine->send($data); $this->schedule($this->coroutine); } }
調用方代碼如下:
//1. 需要去實現CoroutineScheduler的send_and_receive函數,主要是為了在裡面拿到返回值 class Solution extends CoroutineScheduler { public function send_and_receive($data) { $result = (yield new AsyncTask($data)); var_dump($result); } } //2. 在最外層去調用框架的代碼,給出輸入參數 $data $s = new Solution(); $data = 1; $s->run($data);