無限極分類在開發中經常使用,例如:部門結構、文章分類。無限極分類的難點在於“輸出”和“查詢”,例如
在《無限級分類實現思路》一文中介紹了幾種常見的實現方法,各有利弊。其中“改進前序遍歷樹”數據結構,便於輸出和查詢,但是在移動分類和常規理解上有些復雜。
<?php
$list = array(
array('id'=>1, 'fid'=>0, 'title' => '中國'),
array('id'=>2, 'fid'=>1, 'title' => '江蘇'),
array('id'=>3, 'fid'=>1, 'title' => '安徽'),
array('id'=>4, 'fid'=>8, 'title' => '江陰'),
array('id'=>5, 'fid'=>3, 'title' => '蕪湖'),
array('id'=>6, 'fid'=>3, 'title' => '合肥'),
array('id'=>7, 'fid'=>3, 'title' => '蚌埠'),
array('id'=>8, 'fid'=>8, 'title' => '無錫')
);
?>
各分類之間通過父類id(即fid)進行級別“串聯”,形成一棵分類樹。在進行串聯時候有一點值得注意:分類A的fid不可以是其子類的id。
在使用這種數據結構進行輸出時最常用的算法就是“遞歸”,熟悉PHP語言的朋友肯定知道,PHP不擅長遞歸 ,而且遞歸次數有限(100次左右,因操作系統和配置而異)。
由於所有的遞歸均可以使用循環實現,本文根據PHP語言特點編寫了一套關於“無限級”分類的函數,相比遞歸實現而言效率更高
將上述數據輸出為下面的HTML
<ul>
<li class="first-child">
<div>江蘇</div>
<ul>
<li class="first-child last-child">
<div>無錫</div>
<ul>
<li class="first-child last-child">
<div>江陰</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="last-child">
<div>安徽</div>
<ul>
<li class="first-child"><div>蕪湖</div></li>
<li><div>合肥</div></li>
<li class="last-child"><div>蚌埠</div></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
這種HTML結構在前端使用(使用JavaScript和CSS構造可折疊樹)十分方便。具體實現程序如下:
<ul><?php get_tree_ul($list, 1); ?></ul>
<select>
<option value="2">江蘇</option>
<option value="8"> 無錫</option>
<option value="4"> 江陰</option>
<option value="3">安徽</option>
<option value="5"> 蕪湖</option>
<option value="6"> 合肥</option>
<option value="7"> 蚌埠</option>
</select>
具體實現程序如下:
<select>
<?php
// get_tree_option()返回數組,並為每個元素增加了“深度”(即depth)列,直接輸出即可
$options = get_tree_option($list, 1);
foreach($options as $op) {
echo '<option value="' . $op['id'] .'">' . str_repeat(" ", $op['depth'] * 4) . $op['title'] . '<;/option>';
}
?>
<;/select>
<?php
$children = get_tree_child($list, 0);
echo implode(',', $children); // 輸出:1,3,2,7,6,5,8,4
?>
<?php
$children = get_tree_parent($list, 4);
echo implode(',', $children); //8, 2, 10
?>
<?php
function get_tree_child($data, $fid) {
$result = array();
$fids = array($fid);
do {
$cids = array();
$flag = false;
foreach($fids as $fid) {
for($i = count($data) - 1; $i >=0 ; $i--) {
$node = $data[$i];
if($node['fid'] == $fid) {
array_splice($data, $i , 1);
$result[] = $node['id'];
$cids[] = $node['id'];
$flag = true;
}
}
}
$fids = $cids;
} while($flag === true);
return $result;
}
function get_tree_parent($data, $id) {
$result = array();
$obj = array();
foreach($data as $node) {
$obj[$node['id']] = $node;
}
$value = isset($obj[$id]) ? $obj[$id] : null;
while($value) {
$id = null;
foreach($data as $node) {
if($node['id'] == $value['fid']) {
$id = $node['id'];
$result[] = $node['id'];
break;
}
}
if($id === null) {
$result[] = $value['fid'];
}
$value = isset($obj[$id]) ? $obj[$id] : null;
}
unset($obj);
return $result;
}
function get_tree_ul($data, $fid) {
$stack = array($fid);
$child = array();
$added_left = array();
$added_right= array();
$html_left = array();
$html_right = array();
$obj = array();
$loop = 0;
foreach($data as $node) {
$pid = $node['fid'];
if(!isset($child[$pid])) {
$child[$pid] = array();
}
array_push($child[$pid], $node['id']);
$obj[$node['id']] = $node;
}
while (count($stack) > 0) {
$id = $stack[0];
$flag = false;
$node = isset($obj[$id]) ? $obj[$id] : null;
if (isset($child[$id])) {
$cids = $child[$id];
$length = count($cids);
for($i = $length - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) {
array_unshift($stack, $cids[$i]);
}
$obj[$cids[$length - 1]]['isLastChild'] = true;
$obj[$cids[0]]['isFirstChild'] = true;
$flag = true;
}
if ($id != $fid && $node && !isset($added_left[$id])) {
if(isset($node['isFirstChild']) && isset($node['isLastChild'])) {
$html_left[] = '<li class="first-child last-child">';
} else if(isset($node['isFirstChild'])) {
$html_left[] = '<li class="first-child">';
} else if(isset($node['isLastChild'])) {
$html_left[] = '<li class="last-child">';
} else {
$html_left[] = '<li>';
}
$html_left[] = ($flag === true) ? "<div>{$node['title']}</div><ul>" : "<div>{$node['title']}</div>";
$added_left[$id] = true;
}
if ($id != $fid && $node && !isset($added_right[$id])) {
$html_right[] = ($flag === true) ? '</ul></li>' : '</li>';
$added_right[$id] = true;
}
if ($flag == false) {
if($node) {
$cids = $child[$node['fid']];
for ($i = count($cids) - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) {
if ($cids[$i] == $id) {
array_splice($child[$node['fid']], $i, 1);
break;
}
}
if(count($child[$node['fid']]) == 0) {
$child[$node['fid']] = null;
}
}
array_push($html_left, array_pop($html_right));
array_shift($stack);
}
$loop++;
if($loop > 5000) return $html_left;
}
unset($child);
unset($obj);
return implode('', $html_left);
}
function get_tree_option($data, $fid) {
$stack = array($fid);
$child = array();
$added = array();
$options = array();
$obj = array();
$loop = 0;
$depth = -1;
foreach($data as $node) {
$pid = $node['fid'];
if(!isset($child[$pid])) {
$child[$pid] = array();
}
array_push($child[$pid], $node['id']);
$obj[$node['id']] = $node;
}
while (count($stack) > 0) {
$id = $stack[0];
$flag = false;
$node = isset($obj[$id]) ? $obj[$id] : null;
if (isset($child[$id])) {
for($i = count($child[$id]) - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) {
array_unshift($stack, $child[$id][$i]);
}
$flag = true;
}
if ($id != $fid && $node && !isset($added[$id])) {
$node['depth'] = $depth;
$options[] = $node;
$added[$id] = true;
}
if($flag == true){
$depth++;
} else {
if($node) {
for ($i = count($child[$node['fid']]) - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) {
if ($child[$node['fid']][$i] == $id) {
array_splice($child[$node['fid']], $i, 1);
break;
}
}
if(count($child[$node['fid']]) == 0) {
$child[$node['fid']] = null;
$depth--;
}
}
array_shift($stack);
}
$loop++;
if($loop > 5000) return $options;
}
unset($child);
unset($obj);
return $options;
}
?>
foreach本身就相當於判斷了啊,當$arr數組非空時foreach會遍歷並遞歸訪問子節點,但是對於葉子結點,$arr數組是空的,根本不會被foreach,此時直接return了。明白?
首先 將json 解碼成數組, 用json_decode 函數 注意 一定要加上第二個參數 否則他會返回一個對象。接下來就是地遞歸了。這是一個最簡單的遞歸只要逐個遍歷即可。
下面是完整的代碼:
$data= json_decode($str,true);$options = getChildren($data);function getChildren($parent,$deep=0) {foreach($parent as $row) {$data[] = array("id"=>$row['id'], "name"=>$row['name'],"pid"=>$row['parentid'],'deep'=>$deep);if ($row['childs']) {$data = array_merge($data, getChildren($row['childs'], $deep+1));}}return $data;}?><select name="" id=""><?php foreach ($options as $row) { ?><option value="<?php echo $row['id'] ?>"><?php echo str_pad("",$row['deep']*3, "-",STR_PAD_RIGHT); ?><?php echo $row['name']; ?></option><?php } ?></select>
以上代碼已測試通過 效果圖如下