1. Redis中,並不是所有的數據都一直存儲在內存中的,這是和Memcached相比一個最大的區別。
2. Redis不僅僅支持簡單的k/v類型的數據,同時還提供list,set,hash等數據結構的存儲。
3. Redis支持數據的備份,即master-slave模式的數據備份。
4. Redis支持數據的持久化,可以將內存中的數據保持在磁盤中,重啟的時候可以再次加載進行使用。
Redis在很多方面具備數據庫的特征,或者說就是一個數據庫系統,而Memcached只是簡單的K/V緩存
來看下Redis作者對比redis和memcache
來源:《Is memcached a dinosaur in comparison to Redis?》(相比Redis,Memcached真的過時了嗎?)
You should not care too much about performances. Redis is faster per core with small values, but memcached is able to use multiple cores with a single executable and TCP port without help from the client. Also memcached is faster with big values in the order of 100k. Redis recently improved a lot about big values (unstable branch) but still memcached is faster in this use case. The point here is: nor one or the other will likely going to be your bottleneck for the query-per-second they can deliver.
沒 有必要過多的關心性能,因為二者的性能都已經足夠高了。由於Redis只使用單核,而Memcached可以使用多核,所以在比較上,平均每一個核上 Redis在存儲小數據時Memcached性能更高。而在100k以上的數據中,Memcached性能要高於Redis,雖然Redis最近也在存儲 大數據的性能上進行優化,但是比起Memcached,還是稍有遜色。說了這麼多,結論是,無論你使用哪一個,每秒處理請求的次數都不會成為瓶頸。(比如 瓶頸可能會在網卡)
You should care about memory usage. For simple key-value pairs memcached is more memory efficient. If you use Redis hashes, Redis is more memory efficient. Depends on the use case.
如果要說內存使用效率,使用簡單的key-value存儲的話,Memcached的內存利用率更高,而如果Redis采用hash結構來做key-value存儲,由於其組合式的壓縮,其內存利用率會高於Memcached。當然,這和你的應用場景和數據特性有關。
You should care about persistence and replication, two features only available in Redis. Even if your goal is to build a cache it helps that after an upgrade or a reboot your data are still there.
如果你對數據持久化和數據同步有所要求,那麼推薦你選擇Redis,因為這兩個特性Memcached都不具備。即使你只是希望在升級或者重啟系統後緩存數據不會丟失,選擇Redis也是明智的。
You should care about the kind of operations you need. In Redis there are a lot of complex operations, even just considering the caching use case, you often can do a lot more in a single operation, without requiring data to be processed client side (a lot of I/O is sometimes needed). This operations are often as fast as plain GET and SET. So if you don't need just GET/SET but more complex things Redis can help a lot (think at timeline caching).
當 然,最後還得說到你的具體應用需求。Redis相比Memcached來說,擁有更多的數據結構和並支持更豐富的數據操作,通常在Memcached裡, 你需要將數據拿到客戶端來進行類似的修改再set回去。這大大增加了網絡IO的次數和數據體積。在Redis中,這些復雜的操作通常和一般的 GET/SET一樣高效。所以,如果你需要緩存能夠支持更復雜的結構和操作,那麼Redis會是不錯的選擇。