對於Web編程來說,最重要的就是存取和讀寫數據了。存儲方式可能有很多種,可以是字符串、數組、文件的形式等。數組,可以說是PHP的數據應用中較重要的一種方式。PHP的數組函數眾多,下面是我學習的小結,借此記之,便於以後鑒之。
數組的定義使用 array()方式定義,可以定義空數組:
<?php $number = array(1,3,5,7,9); //定義空數組 $result = array(); $color =array("red","blue","green"); //自定義鍵值 $language = (1=>"English",3=>"Chinese",5=>"Franch"); //定義二維數組 $two = array( "color"=>array("red","blue"), //用逗號結尾 "week"=>array("Monday","Friday") //最後一句沒有標點 ); ?>
compact()
compact()函數——將一個或多個變量(包含數組)轉換為數組:array compact ( mixed $varname [, mixed $... ] )。
<?PHP $number = "1,3,5,7,9"; $string = "I'm PHPer"; $array = array("And","You?"); $newArray = compact("number","string","array"); print_r ($newArray); ?>
compact()函數用於將兩個或多個變量轉換為數組,當然也包含數組變量。其參數是變量的名稱而非帶有$全名。相反的函數是extract()作用顧名思義就是將數組轉換為單個的字符串,鍵值作為其字符串名稱,數組值作為字符串的值。
運行結果:
Array ( [number] => 1,3,5,7,9 [string] => I'm PHPer [array] => Array ( [0] => And [1] => You? ) )
array_combine()
array_combine()——將兩個數組重組成一個數組,一個作鍵值一個做的值:array array_combine ( array $keys , array $values )
<?PHP $number = array("1","3","5","7","9"); $array = array("I","Am","A","PHP","er"); $newArray = array_combine($number,$array); print_r ($newArray); ?>
array_combine函數不多說了,誰看了都明白。
運行結果:
Array ( [1] => I [3] => Am [5] => A [7] => PHP [9] => er )
range()
range()函數——創建指定范圍的數組:
<?PHP $array1 = range(0,100,10);//0為起始值,100為結束值,10為步進值(默認步進值為1). print_r($array1); echo"<br />"; $array2 = range("A","Z"); print_r($array2); echo "<br />"; $array3 = range("z","a"); print_r($array3); ?>
array_fill()
array_fill()函數——填充數組函數:
<?PHP $array = range(1,10); $fillarray = range("a","d"); $arrayFilled = array_fill(0,5,$fillarray);//這裡的$fillarray可以是字符串,如"test". echo "<pre>"; print_r ($arrayFilled); echo "</pre>"; $keys = array("string","2",9,"SDK","PK"); $array2 = array_fill_keys($keys,"testing"); echo "<pre>"; print_r ($array2); echo "</pre>"; ?>
運行結果:
Array ( [0] => Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d ) [1] => Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d ) [2] => Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d ) [3] => Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d ) [4] => Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d ) ) Array ( [string] => testing [2] => testing [9] => testing [SDK] => testing [PK] => testing )
foreach遍歷
foreach (array_expression as $value){}
foreach (array_expression as $key => $value){}
<?PHP $speed = array(50,120,180,240,380); foreach($speed as $keys=>$values){ echo $keys."=>".$values."<br />"; } ?>
運行結果:
0=>50 1=>120 2=>180 3=>240 4=>380
while循環遍歷
while循環遍歷一般結合list函數,以下是實例
<?PHP $staff = array( array("姓名","性別","年齡"), array("小張","男",24), array("小王","女",25), array("小李","男",23) ); echo "<table border=2>"; while(list($keys,$value) = each($staff)){ list($name,$sex,$age) = $value; echo "<tr><td>$name</td><td>$sex</td><td>$age</td></tr>"; } echo "</table>"; ?>
for循環遍歷
<?PHP $speed = range(0,220,20); for($i =0;$i<count($speed);$i++) { echo $speed[$i]." "; } ?>
運行結果:
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220
涉及函數包括reset、prev、end、next、current、each。
實例一:next 與 prev
<?PHP $speed = range(0,220,20); echo current($speed);//輸出當前位置的值(在數組的開頭位置) $i = rand(1,11); while($i--){ next($speed);//指針從當前位置向後移動一位 } echo current($speed);//輸出當前位置的值 echo "<br />"; echo prev($speed);//輸出前一位置數組值 echo "<br />"; echo reset($speed);//重置數組的指針,將指針指向起始位置 echo "<br />"; echo end($speed);//輸出最後位置的數組值 echo "<br />"; ?>
運行結果:
0220 200 0 220
實例二:each函數指針操作
<?PHP $speed = range(0,200,40); echo "each實現指針下移 <br />"; echo "0擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />"; echo "1擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />"; echo "2擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />"; echo "3擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />"; echo "4擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />"; echo "5擋的速度是".current(each($speed))."<br />"; echo "使用each函數實現數組指針的移動,進行數組遍歷 <br />"; reset($speed);//這裡是將數組指針指向數組首 while(list($key,$value)=each($speed)){ echo $key."=>".$value."<br />"; } ?>
運行結果:
each實現指針下移 0擋的速度是0 1擋的速度是40 2擋的速度是80 3擋的速度是120 4擋的速度是160 5擋的速度是200 使用each函數實現數組指針的移動,進行數組遍歷 0=>0 1=>40 2=>80 3=>120 4=>160 5=>200
增添數組成員
實例一:$num[] = value直接賦值追加到數組末尾:
<?PHP $num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160); echo "使用表達式添加數組成員<br />"; $num[]=240; print_r($num); ?>
運行結果:
使用表達式添加數組成員 Array ( [0] => 80 [1] => 120 [2] => 160 [3] => 240 )
實例二:array_pad函數,數組數組首尾選擇性追加
<?PHP $num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160); $num = array_pad($num,4,200); echo "使用array_pad函數向數組尾部添加成員<br />"; print_r($num); echo "<br />array_pad 還可以填充數組首部<br />"; $num = array_pad($num,-8,40); print_r($num); ?>
運行結果:
使用array_pad函數向數組尾部添加成員 Array ( [0] => 80 [1] => 120 [2] => 160 [3] => 200 ) array_pad 還可以填充數組首部 Array ( [0] => 40 [1] => 40 [2] => 40 [3] => 40 [4] => 80 [5] => 120 [6] => 160 [7] => 200 )
實例三:入棧操作追加(array_push):
<?PHP $num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160); array_push($num,200,240,280);//可以自己追加,直接加在數組結尾 print_r($num); ?>
運行結果:
Array ( [1] => 80 [2] => 120 [3] => 160 [4] => 200 [5] => 240 [6] => 280 )
實例四:array_unshift()在開頭添加數組成員
<?PHP $num = array(1=>80,2=>120,3=>160); array_unshift($num,0,40);//可以自己追加,直接加在數組結尾 print_r($num); ?>
運行結果:
Array ( [0] => 0 [1] => 40 [2] => 80 [3] => 120 [4] => 160 )
注意:array_unshift()函數使用後數組的鍵值將會從0開始!
刪減數組成員
實例一:unset()命令刪除數組成員或數組:
<?PHP $num = array_fill(0,5,rand(1,10)); print_r($num); echo "<br />"; unset($num[4]); print_r($num); echo "<br />"; unset($num); if(is_array){ echo "unset命令不能刪除整個數組"; }else{ echo "unset命令可以刪除數組"; } ?>
運行結果:(運行出錯及說明數組也被刪除,不再存在)
Array ( [0] => 9 [1] => 9 [2] => 9 [3] => 9 [4] => 9 ) Array ( [0] => 9 [1] => 9 [2] => 9 [3] => 9 ) Notice: Use of undefined constant is_array - assumed 'is_array' in H:\wamp\www\testing\editorplus\test.php on line 21 unset命令不能刪除整個數組
實例二:array_splice()函數刪除數組成員
<?php $a=array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow"); count ($a); //得到4 array_splice($a,1,1); //刪除第二個元素 count ($a); //得到3 echo $a[2]; //得到yellow echo $a[1]; //得到blue ?>
實例三:array_unique刪除數組中的重復值:
<?php $a=array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow","blue","green"); $result = array_unique($a); print_r($result); ?>
運行結果:
Array ( [0] => red [1] => green [2] => blue [3] => yellow )
實例四:array_merge、array_merge_recursive合並數組
<?php $array1 = array("r"=>"red",1,2,3,4); $array2 = array("b"=>"blue",4=>5,6,7,8,9); $array3 = array("r"=>"read",4=>10,2=>11); $array4 = array( array(4=>10), array(7=>13) ); $array5 = array( array(4=>11), array(6=>12) ); $result = array_merge($array1,$array2,$array3,$array4,$array5); echo "<pre>"; print_r($result); echo "</pre>"; $result = array_merge_recursive($array1,$array2,$array3,$array4,$array5); echo "<pre>"; print_r ($result); echo "</pre>"; ?>
運行結果:
Array ( [r] => read [0] => 1 [1] => 2 [2] => 3 [3] => 4 [b] => blue [4] => 5 [5] => 6 [6] => 7 [7] => 8 [8] => 9 [9] => 10 [10] => 11 [11] => Array ( [4] => 10 ) [12] => Array ( [7] => 13 ) [13] => Array ( [4] => 11 ) [14] => Array ( [6] => 12 ) ) Array ( [r] => Array ( [0] => red [1] => read ) [0] => 1 [1] => 2 [2] => 3 [3] => 4 [b] => blue [4] => 5 [5] => 6 [6] => 7 [7] => 8 [8] => 9 [9] => 10 [10] => 11 [11] => Array ( [4] => 10 ) [12] => Array ( [7] => 13 ) [13] => Array ( [4] => 11 ) [14] => Array ( [6] => 12 ) )
注:1. array_merge的鍵名是數字的將重新建立索引;遇到相同的字符串鍵名時,後面的將覆蓋前面的。 2. array_merge_recursive函數的作用是將相同字符串的鍵名單元整合成一個數組。
實例一:in_array()檢測數組中是否有某個值存在
<?php $array = range(0,9); if(in_array(9,$array)){ echo "數組中存在"; } ?>
運行結果:數組中存在
實例二:key()取得數組當前的鍵名:
<?php $array = range(0,9); $num = rand(0,8); while($num--) next($array); $key = key($array); echo $key; ?>
此實例結果為動態結果,范圍(0-8),不做結果演示。
實例三:list()函數把數組中的值賦給指定變量:
<?PHP $staff = array( array("姓名","性別","年齡"), array("小張","男",24), array("小王","女",25), array("小李","男",23) ); echo "<table border=2>"; while(list($keys,$value) = each($staff)){ list($name,$sex,$age) = $value; echo "<tr><td>$name</td><td>$sex</td><td>$age</td></tr>"; } echo "</table>"; ?>
實例四:array_flip()交換數組的鍵值和值:
<?PHP $array = array("red","blue","yellow","Black"); print_r($array); echo "<br />"; $array = array_flip($array); print_r($array); ?>
運行結果:
Array ( [0] => red [1] => blue [2] => yellow [3] => Black ) Array ( [red] => 0 [blue] => 1 [yellow] => 2 [Black] => 3 )
實例五:array_keys()、array_values()返回數組中所有的鍵值和值:
<?PHP $array = array("red","blue","yellow","Black"); $result = array_keys($array); print_r($result); echo "<br />"; $result = array_values($array); print_r($result); ?>
運行結果:
Array ( [0] => 0 [1] => 1 [2] => 2 [3] => 3 ) Array ( [0] => red [1] => blue [2] => yellow [3] => Black )
實例六:array_search()搜索數值:
<?PHP $array = array("red","blue","yellow","Black"); $result = array_search("red",$array); if(($result === NULL)){ echo "不存在數值red"; }else{ echo "存在數值 $result"; } ?>
結果:存在數值 0
函數array_search()返回的值可能為false或0或NULL,所以在判斷時注意要用"==="
實例一:sort()、rsort()/asort()、arsort()對數組排序:
<?PHP $array = array("b","c","d","a"); sort($array);//從低到高排序 print_r($array); echo "<br />"; rsort($array);//逆向排序 print_r($array); ?>
結果:
Array ( [0] => a [1] => b [2] => c [3] => d ) Array ( [0] => d [1] => c [2] => b [3] => a )
sort()、rsort()函數對數組進行從低到高的排序,返回結果為bool值;
asort()、arsort()函數是保留鍵值的排序,排序後鍵值不重新索引。
實例二:將數組順序打亂——shuffle()函數:
<?PHP $array = array("a","b","c","d"); shuffle($array);//從低到高排序 print_r($array); ?>
結果為動態結果:
Array ( [0] => c [1] => a [2] => d [3] => b )
shuffle的結果有點隨機的意味,每次刷新都不一樣。
實例三:array_reverse()數組反向:
<?PHP $array = array("d","b","a","c"); $array = array_reverse($array);//從低到高排序 print_r($array); ?>
運行結果:
Array ( [0] => c [1] => a [2] => b [3] => d )
實例四:自然排序算法——natsort()和natcasesort();
<?PHP $array = array("sort2","Sort5","sort1","sort4"); natsort($array);//從低到高排序 print_r($array); echo "<br />"; natcasesort($array); print_r($array); ?>
結果:
Array ( [1] => Sort5 [2] => sort1 [0] => sort2 [3] => sort4 ) Array ( [2] => sort1 [0] => sort2 [3] => sort4 [1] => Sort5 )
natsort()、natcasesort()對數組進行自然排序,就是使用數字的正常排序算法。natcasesort會忽略大小寫。
實例五:對數組進行鍵值排序ksort():
<?PHP $array = array(1=>"sort2",4=>"Sort5",2=>"sort1",3=>"sort4"); ksort($array);//從低到高排序 print_r($array); ?>
結果:
Array ( [1] => sort2 [2] => sort1 [3] => sort4 [4] => Sort5 )
注意:ksort()函數重新建立了索引。
cout($array) --------統計數組的單元個數 array_diff($array1,$array2)----------統計數組之間的不同點,返回第一個數組中有而第二個數組中沒有的。 array_diff_assoc($array1,$array2)---------同array_diff(),只是它對鍵值也比較 array_diff_key($array1,$array2)------------比較鍵值 array_product($array)-----------返回數組的所有數的乘積 array_sum($array)--------------所有數值的和 array_rand($array,$n)----------在$array數組中取出$n個數值,返回數組 array_intersect($array1,$array2)----------------取得兩個數組的交集 array_intersect_assoc($array1,$array2)---------------在array_intersect 的基礎上進行鍵值比較 array_intersect_key($array1,$array2)-----------------比較兩個數組鍵值的交集
數組的使用在PHP中至關重要,由於PHP沒有指針,所以數組承擔了很大的數據操作任務。學好數組,才能把PHP應用的得心應手,這裡所列均是常用的PHP數組相關的函數及用法,歡迎一起學習!